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牛帅帅，郭大勇，杜鹃，周子琪，刘海燕，刘雪涛，沈艺歌，杜金磊，陈丰，李亚娟.磷肥种类及施磷水平对冬小麦生长发育和土壤磷库的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2024,(8):1048

磷肥种类及施磷水平对冬小麦生长发育和土壤磷库的影响

Effect of Types and Amount of Phosphorus Application on Winter Wheat Growth and Characteristics of Soil Phosphorus Pool

DOI：

中文关键词: 磷酸一铵，聚磷酸铵，冬小麦，石灰性土壤，土壤磷库

英文关键词:Monoammonium phosphate Ammonium polyphosphate Winter wheat Calcareous soils Soil phosphorus pool

基金项目:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1904121)；国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200202) ；河南省科技攻关计划项目（212102110258）;河南科技大学研究生创新基金项目（CXJJ-2023-CY06）

作者	单位
牛帅帅，郭大勇，杜鹃，周子琪，刘海燕，刘雪涛，沈艺歌，杜金磊，陈丰，李亚娟	（1.河南科技大学农学院，河南洛阳 471003；2.洛阳市植物营养与环境生态重点实验室，河南洛阳 471003；3.洛阳市共生微生物与绿色发展重点实验室，河南洛阳 471003；4.洛阳市农业技术推广服务中心，河南洛阳 471003）

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中文摘要:

为了探讨石灰性土壤上两种肥效较好的磷肥聚磷酸铵（APP）和磷酸一铵（MAP）在不同施磷水平上对冬小麦苗期生长发育和土壤磷库的影响，采用盆栽试验，设置P₂O₅ 0、30、60、90、120和150 mg·kg^-1六个施磷水平，分析了不同施磷水平下两种磷肥间小麦分蘖数、地上部植株干重、植株磷含量以及土壤速效磷和无机磷含量等指标差异。结果表明，施用APP和MAP条件下土壤速效磷含量与施磷量之间均呈线性正相关。在P₂O₅30~120 mg·kg^-1施磷范围，施用APP的土壤速效磷含量均高于施用MAP。土壤Ca₂-P含量与施磷水平及土壤速效磷含量均呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。与不施磷肥相比，施用APP和MAP均显著增加冬小麦的分蘖数、生物量和磷素吸收量。通过对生物量（y）和施磷水平（x）进行线性加平台的函数拟合分析，最大生物量时APP和MAP的P₂O₅施用量分别为90.53和97.34 mg·kg^-1。施用MAP和APP的冬小麦分蘖数显著高于不施磷处理，APP的施用量与冬小麦分蘖数呈线性正相关，在P₂O₅60 mg·kg^-1以上水平下施用APP的冬小麦分蘖数均有高于施用MAP的趋势；两种磷肥下冬小麦的植株磷含量和磷吸收量与施磷水平均呈显著线性正相关（P＜0.01），施用APP的冬小麦植株磷含量和磷吸收量均高于施用MAP且在P₂O₅150 mg·kg^-1水平下差异显著。由此可见，本试验条件下APP和MAP的P₂O₅最适施用量分别为90.53和97.34 mg·kg^-1，此时土壤速效磷含量分别为30.71 和30.27 mg·kg^-1。相比于施用MAP，施用APP对冬小麦植株磷含量、磷吸收量和土壤速效磷含量的提高效果更佳，肥效更好。

英文摘要:

In order to figure out the effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on winter wheat growth and soil phosphorus pool at seedling stage, different phosphorus application levels were set up by a pot experiment with six phosphorus levels of P₂O₅0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The results showed that soil available phosphorus content was linearly correlated with the phosphorus application rate of APP and MAP. Soil available phosphorus content of APP was higher than that of MAP at the phosphorus application level range of P₂O₅30-120 mg·kg^-1. The Ca₂-P content was significantly positively correlated with the phosphorus application levels and soil available phosphorus content (P<0.05). Compared to P₂O₅0 mg·kg^-1 treatment, the tillering number, biomass and phosphorus uptake of winter wheat increased significantly after applying two kinds of fertilizer. Linear-plateau model showed that phosphorus application amount of APP and MAP at the maximum biomass were P₂O₅90.53 and 97.34 mg·kg^-1. The tillering number of winter wheat under MAP and APP treatments were significantly higher than that of P0, of which APP fertilization was linearly positively correlated with application rates. The tillering number of APP showed a higher trend than MAP treatments at the P₂O₅rate above 60 mg·kg^-1. The phosphorus concentration in wheat and phosphorus uptake by winter wheat treated with both phosphorus fertilizers were significantly linearly positively correlated with the phosphorus application level (P<0.01), while APP showed higher values than those of MAP and significant difference was found at P₂O₅150 mg·kg^-1 level. In this experiment, the optimal phosphorus application rates for APP and MAP were P₂O₅90.53 and 97.34 mg·kg^-1 with soil available phosphorus contents of P₂O₅30.71 and 30.27 mg·kg^-1, respectively. APP had better performance in increasing phosphorus concentration in wheat, phosphorus uptake by wheat and soil available phosphorus content than MAP.

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