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作者	单位
张永强，杜孝敬，陈传信，徐其江，聂石辉，雷钧杰，刘昌文	（1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091； 2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091； 3.喀什地区农业技术推广中心，新疆喀什，844000）

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中文摘要:

为探究全球气候变暖背景下推迟播期对新疆冬小麦产量和品质的影响规律，在南疆一年两熟地区大田条件下，于2020年10月5日（S₁）、10月10日（S₂）、10月15日（S₃）、10月20日（S₄）、10月25日（S₅）5个播期下种植新冬60和新冬20，比较分析了不同播期下冬小麦产量、营养品质及加工品质的差异。结果表明，随着播期推迟，冬小麦的有效穗数、千粒重和产量均逐渐降低，且新冬20的降幅高于新冬60；播期对两品种的穗粒数影响不显著。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及沉降值随着播期推迟呈先降后升的变化趋势，播期对新冬60的湿面筋含量及新冬20的沉降值影响不显著；面团弱化度随播期推迟逐渐降低，拉伸面积、延伸度、最大拉伸阻力、拉伸比的变化规律与其相反，表现为S₁>S₂>S₃>S₄>S₅。千粒重与沉降值、延伸度呈显著负相关，与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。综合考虑，播期对南疆冬小麦产量和品质的效应存在不同步性，早播（10月5日）可获得高产的同时得到较佳的品质；晚播（10月25日）会减产，但可增加形成时间和稳定时间，降低弱化度。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of postponed sowing date on the yield and quality of winter wheat in Xinjiang under the background of global warming, under the field conditions of annual double cropping areas in Southern Xinjiang, Xindong 60 and Xindong 20 were planted on five sowing dates of October 5(S₁), October 10(S₂), October 15(S₃), October 20(S₄) and October 25(S₅) in 2020 to study the effects of different sowing dates on the yield, nutritional quality and processing quality of winter wheat. The results showed that the effective number of spikes, 1 000-grain weight and yield of winter wheat decreased gradually with the delay of sowing date, and the decrease of Xindong 20 was greater than that of Xindong 60. The sowing date had no significant effect on the number of grains per spike of the two varieties. The grain protein, wet gluten and sedimentation value of winter wheat showed a trend of "first decreasing and then increasing" with the delay of sowing date, yet there was no significant effect of sowing date on the wet gluten content of Xindong 60 or the sedimentation value of Xindong 20. The softening degree of winter wheat dough decreased gradually with the delay of sowing date, while the variation of tensile area, elongation, maximum tensile resistance, and tensile ratio of winter wheat dough showed the opposite trend, ranking as S₁>S₂>S₃>S₄>S₅. The 1 000-grain weight was negatively correlated with sedimentation value and extensibility, but positively correlated with starch content. Overall, the effects of sowing date on the yield and quality of winter wheat were not synchronized. The early sowing date(October 5) achieved high yield and better quality of winter wheat in Southern Xinjiang, while the late sowing date(October 25) reduced yield but increased the dough development time and stability time to a certain extent, reduced the degree of softening of flour and improved the processing quality of winter wheat.

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