| 毛伟滔, 张绪成, 马明生, 柳燕兰,尹嘉德.有机肥部分替代化肥对旱地地膜冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2023,(12):1587 |
| 有机肥部分替代化肥对旱地地膜冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer on Yield, and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat under Film Mulching in Dryland |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 生物降解膜覆盖 有机肥替代 产量 水分利用效率 氮素利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Biodegradable film mulching Organic substitution Grain yield Water use efficiency Nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900705）；甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项（2020GAAS18）；甘肃省重点研发计划项目（20YF8WA110）；甘肃省科技计划项目（20JR10RA464）；甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目（GNKJ-2020-5） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探求旱地冬小麦全生物降解地膜绿色覆盖栽培条件下有机肥氮替代化肥氮的适宜比例，于2020—2021年在甘肃定西布设大田试验，比较分析了单施化肥（CK）、15%有机肥氮替代化肥氮（OR15）、30%有机肥氮替代化肥氮（OR30）、45%有机肥氮替代化肥氮（OR45）处理下旱地冬小麦干物质积累、籽粒产量、耗水量、水分利用效率、氮素效率等的差异。结果表明，与CK相比，适宜比例的有机肥替代化肥可有效调节冬小麦生长发育，优化干物质积累和耗水过程，提高籽粒产量和水肥利用效率。有机肥替代处理的花前群体干物质积累量均显著低于CK，而OR15和OR30处理的花后群体干物质积累量分别较CK增加了20.22%和5.39%，OR45处理则降低21.84%；与CK相比，OR15处理增产6.15%，OR30和OR45处理分别减产2.87%和10.43%；OR15和OR30处理的水分利用效率较CK提高了7.76%和3.78%，OR45处理降低了1.89%；OR15、OR30和OR45处理的生育期耗水量分别较CK低1.53%、6.43%和8.67%，而花后耗水量分别高7.46%、1.82%和0.80%；相比于CK，适宜比例的有机肥替代化肥主要通过增加小麦穗数和千粒重提高籽粒产量；有机肥替代处理均显著提高了冬小麦氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数和化肥氮偏生产力，且分别平均较CK提高了10.36%、4.46%和42.16%；OR15处理的籽粒氮积累量较CK增加了7.81%，OR30和OR45处理分别降低了8.63%和20.35%。通过综合分析，有机肥氮15%替代化肥氮可作为陇中旱地冬小麦全生物降解地膜绿色覆盖栽培条件下实现小麦稳产增产及提质增效的氮素管理模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the appropriate substitution rate of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer of winter wheat under green mulching with full biodegradable film in dryland of central Gansu Province, a field experiment was conducted in Dingxi City, Gansu Province from 2020 to 2021, and to systematically study the effects of single chemical fertilizer (CK), 15% (OR15), 30% (OR30) and 45% (OR45) organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen on dry matter accumulation, grain yield, water consumption, water use efficiency and nitrogen efficiency of dryland winter wheat. The results showed that compared with CK, the appropriate substitution rate of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer effectively regulated the growth process of winter wheat, optimized the process of dry matter accumulation and water consumption, and improved grain yield, and water and fertilizer use efficiency. The dry matter accumulation of population before anthesis of substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer was significantly lower than that of CK; while after anthesis that of OR15 and OR30 were increased by 20.22% and 5.39% compared with that of CK, and OR45 showed 21.84% lower than CK. Compared with CK, OR15 increased grain yield by 6.15%, but OR30 and OR45 decreased grain yield by 2.87% and 10.43%, respectively. Compared with CK, the WUE of OR15 and OR30 was increased by 7.76% and 3.78%, while that of OR45 was decreased by 1.89%. The water consumption during the growth period of substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer was 1.52%, 6.43%, and 8.67% lower than that of CK, while after anthesis that of OR15, OR30, and OR45 were 7.46%, 1.82% and 0.80% higher than that of CK, respectively. Compared with CK, the appropriate substitution rate of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer mainly increased grain yield by increasing the number of productive ear and 1 000-grain weight of wheat. The substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen partial productivity of wheat, which is 12%, 14%, and 15% higher than that of CK on average. The nitrogen accumulation in grains of OR15 was increased by 7.81% compared with that of CK, while that of OR30 and OR45 was decreased by 8.63% and 20.35%, respectively, compared with CK. Through comprehensive analysis, 15% of organic fertilizer nitrogen instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen can be used as an alternative mode to maintain a high and stable yield, and to improve quality and efficiency of winter wheat production under green mulching with full biodegradable film in dryland area of central Gansu Province. |
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