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作者	单位
张煜，韩留鹏，李正玲，常莹莹，张弯弯，昝香存，许为钢，胡琳	（河南省作物分子育种研究院/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室/神农种业实验室，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

小麦赤霉病已发展成为危害黄淮南部麦区小麦生产的主要病害，快速提高黄淮南部麦区小麦品种的赤霉病抗性是解决赤霉病问题的重要途径。本研究采用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术，将抗赤霉病主效基因Fhb1和Fhb7导入黄淮南部麦区3个优异小麦品种中。结果发现，在基本保持原有丰产性和品质特性的基础上，3个小麦品种回交后代群体的赤霉病抗性提高了38.38%~52.87%。通过对主要农艺性状和抗病性选择，从以郑麦1860为受体亲本的回交后代群体中，选育出6个与受体亲本产量水平相当、主要品质特性相似、赤霉病抗性显著提高的小麦新品系。在回交过程中采用人工气候室加代技术加快育种进程，每世代平均需要112 d。本研究的育种方法可用于今后黄淮南部麦区小麦品种的赤霉病抗性快速改良。

英文摘要:

Fusarium head blight (Fhb) has become the main disease that harms wheat production in the southern Huanghuai wheat zone. It is an important way to solve the problem of Fhb by rapidly improving the resistance of wheat varieties. In this study, backcross and marker-assisted selection techniques were used to introduce Fhb1 and Fhb7, the major genes for resistance to Fhb, into three wheat varieties of the southern Huanghuai wheat zone. The resistance to Fhb of the three wheat varieties was increased by 38.38%—52.87%, with the agronomic and quality trait basically maintained. Through the selection of agronomic trait and the resistance to Fhb, six new wheat lines were bred from the backcross offspring with Zhengmai 1860 as the recipient parent, and they had the similar yield, main quality traits and significantly improved resistance to Fhb, compared to Zhengmai 1860. The rapid breeding technology of multiple generations a year in artificial climate chamber was used in this study, and the average time of each generation were about 112 days. This study can provide a reference for rapid improvement of Fhb resistance of wheat varieties in the southern Huanghuai wheat zone.

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