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作者	单位
杨忠慧，杨木军，李绍祥，丁明亮，刘琨，顾坚，李宏生	（云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/国家小麦改良中心云南分中心，云南昆明 650205）

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中文摘要:

双单倍体（DH）技术可使杂合育种材料在一个世代纯合稳定，被广泛用于作物遗传育种。小麦×玉米杂交是产生小麦DH的主要途径之一，但小麦和玉米一般在不同季节种植，制约了该技术的广泛应用。春性和经春化处理的半冬性、冬性小麦材料在云南昆明自然条件下一年四季均可播种、收获，为每年4月至12月进行小麦×玉米杂交提供了便利条件。本团队前期建立了平均得胚率为25%（15%~70%）、成苗率为62%（50%~80%）以及加倍率为62%（50%~90%）的小麦DH批量生产技术规程。并于2015年以来，利用国内外共1 900余份不同遗传背景的春性、半冬性和冬性小麦材料进行验证，共获得10.5×10⁴个小麦DH株系；构建了64个DH遗传群体；育成了云麦110、云麦112等小麦新品种；创制了24个优良小麦温光敏核不育系及一批抗病优良品系，初步实现了该DH技术在小麦育种中的应用。后续还需继续完善规模化DH生产技术规程，提高得胚率、成苗率、加倍率等关键技术指标和DH生产效率，降低成本，促进该技术在小麦遗传育种中更广泛地应用。

英文摘要:

Doubled haploid(DH) technology ensures the production of complete homozygous wheat lines in one generation from heterozygous plants, which has been widely used to accelerate breeding process. Wide cross between wheat and maize has been a main approach for producing wheat DH lines. However, its application was restricted as wheat and maize are normally planted in different seasons. Climate at Kunming allows to plant and harvest spring and vernalized semi winter and winter wheat materials throughout the year under natural conditions, which makes it easy to cross between wheat and maize from April to December to generate wheat haploids. We had continuously improved and simplified the protocols of DH production based on wheat × maize for breeding usage, and set up an efficient protocol for mass production of wheat DHs, with the average embryo formation frequency(EFF) at 25%(15%-70%), seedling formation frequency(SFF) at 62%(50%-80%) and chromosome doubling rate(CDR) at 62%(50%-90%). This protocol has been verified in production about 10.5×10⁴ DH lines with more than 1 900 wheat genotypes of winter, semi winter and spring types since 2015. In addition, 64 mapping populations were constructed; Yunmai 110， Yunmai 112 and other cultivars were released in Yunnan; 24 elite thermo photo sensitive genic male sterile lines and a number of elite lines or germplasm with disease resistance, high quality and high yield were developed. Therefore, application of DH technology in wheat breeding has been preliminarily realized. Based on the current progress, more efforts should be made to further improve the technical details in EFF, SFF and CDR for large scale production of DHs, to make this technique higher in efficiency and lower in cost, as well as more extensive application in wheat breeding and genetic studies.

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