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作者	单位
方宇辉，齐学礼，张煜，李艳，赵明忠，胡琳，许为钢	（河南省作物分子育种研究院/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室/河南省麦类种质资源创新与改良重点实验室/神农种业实验室，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

小麦抗倒春寒特性与发育进程和体内生理指标密切相关。为筛选小麦品种抗倒春寒指标，建立小麦春季抗寒性评价方法，以郑麦7698、矮抗58、石麦19等11份黄淮麦区小麦品种为材料，于小麦二棱期、小花分化期、雌雄蕊分化期、药隔期和四分体期在人工气候室，对试验材料进行低温处理，于6、12和18 h后观察幼穗的受冻情况，测定每个小麦品种的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，并对产量性状进行测定。结果表明，幼穗冻害级别以二棱期最低，药隔期最高。进一步对小花分化期、雌雄蕊分化期、药隔期和四分体期低温处理后小麦叶片的生理指标进行比较，发现药隔期低温处理18 h后小麦叶片的可溶性糖含量以及CAT和SOD活性的平均降幅显著高于其他三个时期，分别为32.33%、38.22%和45.20%，MDA含量的平均增幅显著高于其他三个时期，为84.73%。幼穗冻害级别与药隔期低温处理12 h后的可溶性糖含量、SOD活性和MDA含量的变幅均呈极显著相关。这些结果说明，药隔期为小麦抗倒春寒鉴定的最佳生育期，可溶性糖含量、SOD活性和MDA含量可作为小麦抗倒春寒鉴定的生理指标；基于以上3项生理指标的隶属函数综合值对不同品种进行抗寒性评价，综合值（D值）为0.65<D≤1.00、0.40<D≤0.65和0.00<D≤0.40的小麦品种分别为强、中等和弱抗寒类型。

英文摘要:

Resistant to late spring coldness of wheat is closely related to its own development process and the internal physiological indexes at low temperatures. In order to screen the indexes of spring cold resistance of wheat varieties and establish corresponding evaluation methods of wheat resistant to late spring coldness, 11 wheat cultivars including Zhengmai 7698, Aikang 58, Shimai 19, and other 8 representative varieties in Huanghuai wheat region were selected as experimental materials. After low temperature treatment of the test materials for 6, 12 and 18 h in the artificial climate chamber during the wheat double ridge stage, floret differentiation stage, stamens and pistils differentiation stage, anther connective stage and tetrad stage, the cold damage level of young spikes was observed, and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and malondialdehyde(MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in each variety were determined. Besides, the grain yield and its components of wheat varieties at anther connective stage were analyzed under low temperature stress. The results showed that the cold damage level of young spikes at double ridge stage and anther connective stage was the lowest and the highest. Physiological indexes of wheat leaves after low temperature treatment at other four stages were further studied, the result showed that the average decrease of soluble sugar content, CAT activity and SOD activity of each variety after low temperature treatment for 18 h at anther connective stage was significantly higher than that of other three stages, with a decrease rate of 32.33%, 38.22% and 45.20%, respectively, and the average increase of MDA content was significantly higher than that of other three stages, with an increase rate of 84.73%. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the cold damage level of young spikes was highly significantly correlated with the amplitude of soluble sugar content, SOD activity and MDA content after 12 h of low temperature treatment at anther connective stage. In conclusion, the anther connective stage was the most proper growth stage for the identification of wheat resistance to late spring coldness, and the soluble sugar content, SOD activity and MDA content can be used as physiological indexes for the identification of wheat resistance to late spring coldness. The cold resistance in spring of different varieties was evaluated based on the comprehensive values of the fuzzy mathematics method of the above three physiological indexes, which were 0.65<D≤1.00, 0.40<D≤0.65 and 0.00<D≤0.40, corresponding to cold-resistant levels of strong, medium and weak, respectively.

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