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作者	单位
王慧，刘大同，朱冬梅，张晓，李东升，高致富，高德荣	（江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所／农业部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，江苏扬州 225007）

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中文摘要:

为探索适宜的稻茬晚播小麦高产高效栽培技术，于2019-2021年进行播期（11月1日和11月25日）、施氮量（210 kg·hm^-2和270 kg·hm^-2）和氮肥运筹（基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥分别为7∶1∶2、5∶1∶4和3∶3∶4）三因素裂区试验，研究施氮量、氮肥运筹组合对不同播期小麦产量、氮素积累量、氮素利用率及品质的影响。结果表明，播期推迟后适当增加基本苗有利于保持穗数稳定，降低减产幅度，与适播相比两个年度平均减产8.62%。增加施氮量能促进植株各生育阶段氮素吸收量，但降低氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率和氮素表观利用率，且导致产量下降；增加追肥比例促进小麦拔节后氮素吸收利用，有利于提高氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学效率和氮素表观利用率，但降低氮素生理效率。晚播条件下增加氮肥用量或提高追肥比例能提高籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量，对硬度无显著影响。在适播条件下，5∶1∶4氮肥运筹有利于协调穗数和粒重的关系，获得最高产量；在晚播条件下，3∶3∶4运筹通过降低基肥比例和提高分蘖肥比例，虽然使穗数略降，但提高穗粒数和千粒重，有利于产量形成。综上所述，晚播条件下降低施氮量，减少基肥、增加分蘖肥比例即采用210 kg·hm^-2施氮量和3∶3∶4氮肥运筹最有利于促进小麦氮素吸收利用，提高氮肥利用效率，可在稳定产量的同时促进籽粒品质的改善。

英文摘要:

To explore a suitable regulation technique of high yield and high efficiency cultivation for late-sowing wheat after rice stubble,a three-factor split-plot experiment was conducted: sowing date (1st and 25th of Nov.),N application rate (210 kg·hm^-2 and 270 kg·hm^-2 ) and N ratio (basal∶tillering∶jointing as 7∶1∶2,5∶1∶4 and 3∶3∶4). The effects of different N application rates and N ratio combination on yield,N accumulation,N use efficiency,and quality of wheat at different sowing dates were studied. The results showed that the increase of seedlings was beneficial to maintain the stability of spike number and reduce the yield loss for late-sowing wheat,which decreased yield by 8.62% on average in the two years compared with that under normal sowing date. Increasing N application rate promoted N uptake at each growth stage of wheat,but decreased N fertilizer partial productivity,N agronomic efficiency,N physiology efficiency,N recovery efficiency,and grain yield. Increasing the ratio of N topdressing promoted N absorption and utilization after jointing,which was beneficial to improve N partial factor productivity,N agronomic efficiency,and N recovery efficiency,but decreased N physiology efficiency. Late sowing of wheat with increased N application rate or increased the ratio of N topdressing significantly increased protein content and wet gluten content,but had no significant effect on grain hardness. Under the conditions of normal sowing date,the ratio of 5∶1∶4 was beneficial to coordinate the relationship between spike number and grain weight,which achieved the highest yield; under the conditions of late sowing,the ratio of 3∶3∶4,which reduced the ratio of basal fertilizer but increased the ratio of tillering fertilizer,decreased spike number slightly,but increased grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight. In summary,under late sowing conditions,the N application rate of 210 kg·hm^-2 with the basal∶ tillering∶ jointing ratio at 3∶3∶4 was optimal for promoting N absorption and utilization,improving N use efficiency,stabilizing yield and enhancing grain quality of late-sowing wheat after rice stubble.

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