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作者	单位
黄芩，唐玉清，何燕，亓增军	1. 西藏农牧学院植物科学学院, 西藏林芝 860000； 2. 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210095

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中文摘要:

为了解西藏青稞的染色体多样性，从西藏六个地区共采集124个青稞品种，每个品种取3个单株，基于南京农业大学开发的寡核苷酸探针ONPM#8（Oligonecleotide probe multiplex#8），利用荧光原位杂交（fluoresence in situ hybridization，FISH）技术对所有品种进行染色体鉴定，并建立可以区分全部染色体的青稞参考核型。结果表明，采集到的青稞植株有26种染色体多态类型，其中5种多态类型（1H-1、2H-2、4H-1、5H-1和7H-4）的频率大于50%。染色体多态性信息含量（PIC）分析发现，3H染色体最多（PIC=0.75），5H染色体最少（PIC=0.00）。372个单株存在明显的核型变异，涉及染色体多态性、杂合性和异质性，其中261个单株为纯合类型，其余111个单株为杂合类型，平均每株包含1.15对杂合染色体，说明新采集的青稞涉及染色体多样性，可通过后续个体选择和后代鉴定选育出纯系品种。

英文摘要:

In order to reveal chromosome diversity of Tibetan hulless barley, oligonucleotide probe multiplex#8(ONPM#8) developed by Nanjing Agricultural University has been used for identifying 124 accessions in triplicate collected from six regions of Tibet combined with FISH(fluoresence in situ hybridization). A reference karyotype was constructed for distinguishing all the chromosomes of hulless barley. The results showed that a total of 26 chromosome polymorphisms were identified, among which five types(1H-1, 2H-2, 4H-1, 5H-1, and 7H-4) showed a frequency more than 50% representing the dominant types in Tibet. Chromosome polymorphic information content(PIC) analysis showed 3H varied the most(PIC=0.75) and 5H varied the least(PIC=0.00). Karyotype variations occurred in the 372 plants, among which 261 were homozygous,and 111 were heterozygous with 1.15 pairs of heterozygous chromosomes each at average, indicating chromosome diversity existed in the newly collected hulless barley landraces. Pure lines can be bred by subsequent individual selection and progeny identification from the newly collected hulless barley landraces.

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