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作者	单位
冯学颖，刘景辉，赵宝平，王英，陈晓晶，徐忠山	（内蒙古农业大学/内蒙古农业大学杂粮产业协同创新中心，内蒙古呼和浩特 010019）

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中文摘要:

为明确宽幅条播和种植密度对燕麦光合特性及干物质积累的调节作用，于2019-2020年在内蒙古乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院试验基地，以蒙农大燕1号为试验材料，设宽幅条播(K)和常规条播(C)两种播种方式以及300万株·hm_-2(D1)、450万株·hm_-2(D2)、600万株·hm_-2（D3）三个种植密度，比较分析了不同播种方式和密度下燕麦光合能力、干物质积累量和产量的差异。结果表明，随着密度的增加，燕麦叶片光合参数和SPAD值及单株干物质积累量均呈下降趋势。各密度下宽幅条播燕麦的叶片光合参数及干物质积累量均高于常规条播。其中，宽幅条播燕麦的净光合速率较常规条播增加了7.2%~24.8%，且在D3下增幅最大；蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度和SPAD值分别增加1.8%~24.1%、1.7%~25.5%和2.2%~11.5%；单株干物质积累量增加4.9%~56.2%。宽幅条播显著提高了燕麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量，其中在D1、D2和D3下分别增产8.6%、9.3%和14.5%，差异均达到0.05显著水平。由此可见，宽幅条播可有效促进燕麦光合作用、干物质积累及产量构成因素协调增长，最终实现增产，尤其是可有效缓解高密度下燕麦群体光合、干物质生产及产量形成的影响。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the regulation of wide sowing and planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of oat, the differences of photosynthetic capacity, dry matter accumulation, and yield of oat(Mengnongdayan 1) under different sowing methods and densities were compared and analyzed at the experimental station of Ulanqab Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia, in 2019-2020, with two sowing methods: wide sowing(K) and conventional sowing(C) and three sowing densities(3 million plants·hm_-2(D1), 4.5 million plants·hm_-2(D2) and 6 million plants·hm_-2(D3). The results showed that photosynthetic parameters SPAD values and dry matter accumulation per plant decreased with the increase of planting density. The photosynthetic parameters and dry matter accumulation of oat leaves in wide sowing were higher than those in conventional sowing at all densities. Among them, the net photosynthetic rate of wide sowing oats was increased by 7.2%-24.8% compared with that of conventional sowing, and the increase rate was the largest under D3. Transpiration rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration and SPAD were increased by 1.8%-24.1%, 1.7%-25.5%, and 2.2%-11.5%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation per plant was increased by 4.9%-56.2%. Wide sowing significantly increased the ear number, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, and yield of oat. The yield was significantly increased by 8.6%, 9.3%, and 14.5% under D1, D2, and D3,respectively. It can be seen that wide sowing effectively promoted the coordinated growth of photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, and yield components of oat, and finally achieved yield increase. In particular, it can effectively alleviate the impact of oat population photosynthesis, dry matter production and yield formation under high planting density.

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