| 杨迪迪，徐东忆，陈 立，赵凯敏，朱 敏，丁锦峰，李春燕，朱新开，郭文善.耕播方式与减氮对扬辐麦13氮素吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2022,(12):1509 |
| 耕播方式与减氮对扬辐麦13氮素吸收利用的影响 |
| Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Yangfumai 13 under Different Tillage and Sowing Methods |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2022.12.08 |
| 中文关键词: 稻茬小麦 耕播方式 氮素吸收利用 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat following rice Tillage and sowing methods Nitrogen uptake and utilization Yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300107）；江苏省重点研发计划项目（BE2020319）；江苏省级现代农业发展项目（2021）；扬州大学创新基金项目（2019CXJ096）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确不同机械耕播方式下减氮对小麦氮素吸收利用的影响，在水稻秸秆全量还田条件下，以扬辐麦13为材料，研究两种机械耕播方式［板茬+2BMF-稻茬免耕条播机（NT）、旋耕+2BFG-10（8）230型播种机（CT）］和三个施氮模式［常规模式（N1）:施氮量270 kg·hm-2，基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥= 5∶1∶2∶2；减氮模式（N2）：施氮量225 kg·hm-2，基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2；减氮减次模式（N3）：施氮量180 kg·hm-2，基肥∶拔节肥=5∶5］对小麦氮代谢酶活性、氮素吸收利用特征以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，播种前土壤相对含水量为84%，与CT处理相比，NT处理提高了植株硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性，使花前氮素转运量增加和氮素在籽粒中的分配量分别增加10.78% (P<0.01)和7.56%（P<0.05），获得较高的氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率，其最终籽粒产量提高5.36%（P<0.05）。N2处理在小麦生育中后期可维持较高的氮代谢酶活性，获得较高的氮肥利用效率，花后氮素积累量和籽粒产量与N1处理无显著差异；N3处理的氮肥利用效率最高，但氮代谢酶活性较低，影响氮素在植株中的积累和转运，且籽粒产量最低。因此，播前土壤偏湿条件下推荐采用NT耕播方式，配N2减氮模式，有利于小麦生育中后期维持较高的氮代谢酶活性和氮素的积累，促进氮素向籽粒转运，提升氮肥利用效率和籽粒产量，实现高产高效；若CT耕播方式下宜采用N1施肥方式才能实现稳产，但氮肥利用效率不高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effect of reduced nitrogen application and the different mechanical tillage and sowing methods on nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat was clarified using Yangfumai 13 under the conditions of all rice straw returning to field. Two mechanical tillage and sowing methods ［zero tillage+2 BMF type no-tillage seeder(NT), and rotary tillage+2 BFG-10(8) 230 type seeder(CT)］ and three nitrogen application modes ［conventional mode(N1):nitrogen rate of 270 kg·hm-2, basal fertilizer∶ tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶booting fertilizer = 5∶1∶2∶2, reduced nitrogen application mode(N2):nitrogen rate of 225 kg·hm-2, basal fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶booting fertilizer = 5∶1∶2∶2, and reduced nitrogen application and times mode(N3)∶nitrogen rate of 180 kg·hm-2, basal fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer = 5∶5］ were conducted to study the changes of nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics and grain yield.The results showed that NT increased the activities of nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthetase(GS) compared with CT;the nitrogen translocation before anthesis of NT was 10.78% higher than that of CT(P<0.01) with the high soil relative water content(84%) before sowing. At the same time, the distribution of nitrogen in grain under NT was 7.56 % higher than that under CT(P< 0.05). The nitrogen partial factor productivity and the apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency under NT were high, and its grain yield was 5.36% higher than that under CT(P<0.05).Reduced nitrogen application mode N2 maintained high nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities at the middle and late growth stages, improved nitrogen accumulation after anthesis and grain yield, and had high nitrogen efficiency.The nitrogen efficiency of N3 was the highest, while the nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities were the lowest, which affected the accumulation and transportation of nitrogen in plants, and the grain yield was the lowest.Under the conditions of high soil moisture before sowing, NT+N2 was recommended, which maintained high nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities at middle and late stages of growth, helped to accumulate nitrogen, promoted nitrogen transport to grain, improved nitrogen efficiency and grain yield, and achieved high yield and high efficiency. N1 was suggested to achieve stable yield, however the nitrogen use efficiency was low under CT. |
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