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作者	单位
许倍铭，冯健超，郝紫瑞，贾玉库，杨世宇，谢迎新，王晨阳，马冬云	（河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/河南农业大学河南小麦技术创新中心，河南郑州 450046）

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中文摘要:

为探明种植密度对小麦籽粒淀粉含量与品质的影响，以2个强筋小麦品种（郑麦158和郑麦366）和2个中筋小麦品种（平安518和鑫华麦818）为材料，分别在3个种植密度（D225：225×10株·hm^-2；D375：375×10株·hm^-2；D525：525×10株·hm^-2基本苗）条件下，研究种植密度对小麦籽粒淀粉含量及其特性的影响。结果表明，随着种植密度的增加，小麦籽粒总淀粉、支链淀粉含量及支直比呈下降趋势，直链淀粉含量呈上升趋势；淀粉峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度、反弹值均呈上升的趋势，以D525处理下数值最高，且与D225处理间差异达显著水平；稀懈值则呈下降趋势，在低密度处理下表现最高。淀粉冻融析水率均在D225密度下最低，不同品种之间以鑫华麦818析水率最低。随着种植密度的增加，大淀粉粒体积、表面积和数目分布百分比升高，而小淀粉粒体积分布百分比降低。淀粉晶体特征不受种植密度的影响，呈典型的A型特征，相对结晶度则随着种植密度增加呈下降趋势。以上结果说明，适宜的种植密度能显著改善小麦淀粉组分和特性。

英文摘要:

Clarifying the effects of planting density on starch quality parameters in wheat grain will improve the quality of wheat grain. Three planting densities(D225:225 ×10 plants·hm^-2,D375:375 ×10 plants·hm^-2, and D525:525 ×10 plants·hm^-2) and four wheat varieties, including two strong-gluten(Zhengmai 158 and Zhengmai 366) and two medium-gluten(Pingan 518 and Xinhuamai 818) were used to determine the effects of planting densities on grain starch content, gelatinization characteristics and starch particle size distribution.The results showed that with the increase of planting density, the contents of total starch, amylopectin and the ratio of amylopectin to amylose decreased, whereas the content of amylose increased.The peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and set back value all showed an increase trend with increasing planting density. The highest values were obtained under the high density(D525) treatment, which was significantly different from the values obtained under the low density(D225) treatment. However, the break down value of these varieties showed a decrease trend, with a maximum value at low density treatment.The frozen—thawed syneresis rate of starch achieved the lowest value at the planting density of 225×10 plants·hm^-2. Among all the tested wheat varieties, Xinhuamai 818 had the lowest water extraction.With the increase of planting density, the percentage of volume, surface area and number distribution of large starch granules increased, but the volume percentage of small starch granules decreased.Starch crystal structure showed a typical A-type characteristic regardless of different planting density, whereas the relative crystallinity decreased with the planting density increasing.These results indicate that appropriate planting density can significantly improve the starch composition and characteristics of wheat.

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