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作者	单位
海闯北，彭超军，李艳，齐学礼，方宇辉，华夏，许为钢	(1.河南农业大学农学院，河南郑州 450046； 2.河南省农业科学院作物分子育种研究院/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室/河南省麦类种质资源创新与改良重点实验室,河南郑州 450002)

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中文摘要:

提高氮素利用效率是促进农业可持续发展的重要举措之一。为研究高、低氮条件下不同氮效率小麦的根系特征及其生理特性，以3个高效吸收利用氮素（氮高效）小麦品种与3个低效吸收利用氮素（氮低效）小麦品种为试验材料，分析了水培条件下高氮和低氮处理对小麦根系特征和硝酸盐转运蛋白基因表达水平的影响；并分析了大田条件下高氮和低氮处理对不同时期小麦氮代谢关键酶（硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶）活性和氮素积累量的影响。结果表明，在高氮和低氮处理下，氮高效品种的根尖数、根长、根体积、根表面积和根活力均显著高于氮低效品种。氮高效品种的6个硝酸盐转运蛋白基因（ TaNRT2.1、 TaNRT2.2、 TaNRT2.3、 TaNAR2.1、 TaNAR2.2和 TaNAR2.3）的平均相对表达量均显著高于氮低效品种。高氮和低氮处理下，不同时期氮高效品种的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及氮素积累量均显著高于氮低效品种；与高氮处理相比，低氮处理下氮高效品种和氮低效品种的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及氮素积累量均有所降低，其中氮低效品种降低幅度较高。这说明不同氮效率材料在根系相关性状、硝酸盐转运、氮代谢关键酶活性以及氮素积累量存在显著的基因型差异。综上所述，在低氮条件下，小麦根系形态、根系活力、硝酸转运蛋白相关基因和氮代谢关键酶活性对氮素吸收具有重要的调控作用，其综合改良可为氮高效小麦品种的选育提供帮助。

英文摘要:

Improving nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）is one of the important measures to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to study the root characteristics and physiological characteristics of wheat with different NUE under high and low nitrogen conditions,three high-NUE wheat varieties(HNV) and three low-NUE wheat varieties(LNV) were used as experimental materials to analyze the root characteristics and nitrate transporter gene expression level under different nitrogen levels in hydroponic condition.The effect of high and low nitrogen treatments on the activities of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism(nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase) and nitrogen accumulation in different periods were analyzed. The results showed that under the treatments of high nitrogen and low nitrogen,the number of root tips,root length,root volume,root surface area and root activity of HNV were significantly higher than those of LNV. The average relative expression of six nitrate transporter genes( TaNRT2.1, TaNRT2.2, TaNRT2.3, TaNAR2.1, TaNAR2.2 and TaNAR2.3) in HNV was significantly higher than that in LNV. Under high nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments,the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase,and nitrogen accumulation of HNV were significantly higher than those of LNV. Compared with high nitrogen treatment,the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase and nitrogen accumulation of HNV and LNV decreased after low nitrogen treatment,and the decrease of LNV was greater,indicating there were significant genotypic differences in root related traits,nitrate transporter gene expression level,key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen accumulation of different nitrogen efficiency materials.In conclusion,under low nitrogen conditions,root morphology,root activity,related nitrate transporter genes and key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism played an important role in regulating nitrogen absorption. Its comprehensive improvement can provide help for the breeding of HNV.

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