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作者	单位
洪益，朱娟，于国琦，姚佳延，杨天赐，吕超，郭宝健，许如根	（植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室/江苏省作物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室/江苏粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学农业科技发展研究院，江苏扬州 25009）

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中文摘要:

为了解大麦籽粒大小的遗传多样性与稳定性，以185份大麦种质资源为材料，测定了7个试验环境下籽粒的长度、宽度、长宽比及千粒重等性状，对其遗传多样性和稳定性进行了分析评价。结果表明,所有试验环境下二棱大麦粒长、粒宽及千粒重均值均大于六棱大麦，籽粒长宽比均值均小于六棱大麦；二棱大麦与六棱大麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽及籽粒长宽比在品种（系）间及环境间差异均极显著，且品种（系）与环境之间存在极显著的互作效应，籽粒大小在环境间差异程度因性状而异，其中以千粒重的差异程度最大。依据10级分类分布频次法则，千粒重和粒宽分布比较集中，六棱大麦集中分布在3、4等级，二棱大麦集中分布在7、8等级；粒长和籽粒长宽比分布比较分散，六棱大麦粒长和籽粒长宽比分别分布在1~10等级和2~10等级范围内，二棱大麦粒长和长宽比分别集中分布在4~8等级和2~7等级范围内。千粒重与粒长、粒宽及粒长与籽粒长宽比呈极显著正相关，粒宽与籽粒长宽比呈极显著负相关；粒长与粒宽及千粒重与籽粒长宽比的相关性因棱型不同而异。二棱大麦千粒重的稳定性小于六棱大麦，而粒长和籽粒长宽比的稳定性恰好相反，粒宽的稳定性与棱型无关；皮大麦千粒重稳定性小于裸大麦，其余籽粒大小性状的稳定性与皮裸无关。通过熵权法TOPSIS对大麦籽粒大小进行综合评价，筛选出籽粒饱满且稳定的品种川52209，其可作为大麦籽粒性状改良的优异种质。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the genetic diversity and stability of grain size in barley germplasm resources for its genetic improvement,185 barley genotypes were used to analyze the genetic diversity and stability of grain size based on the grain length,grain width,ratio of length to width and 1 000 grain weight in seven experimental environments. The results showed that the grain length and width,and 1 000 grain weight of two-rowed barley were higher than those of six-rowed barley in all environments,and the ratio of length to width was just opposite. There were significant differences in the examined grain traits among barley genotypes,environments,and interaction between genotype and environment. The degree of difference of grain size varied among different environments,and 1 000 grain weight showed the largest difference. The distribution frequency depends on 10-level classification showed that the distribution of 1 000 grain weight and grain width was concentrated,while the distribution of grain length and ratio of length to width was relatively scattered. The 1 000 grain weight and grain width of six-rowed barley mainly distributed in 3 and 4 levels,while those of two-rowed barley mainly distributed in 7 and 8 levels. The grain length and ratio of length to width of six-rowed barley distributed in 1-10 and 2-10 levels,respectively,while those of two-rowed barley distributed in 4-8 and 2-7 levels,respectively. 1 000 grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain length,grain width,and grain length was significantly positively correlated with ratio of length to width. A significantly negative correlation between grain width and ratio of length to width was observed. The correlations between grain length and grain width,and 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio showed different performance between two-rowed and six-rowed barley. The stability of grain width is independent on row type; 1 000-grain weight stability of two-rowed barley was less than that of six-rowed barley,while grain length,and ratio of length to width were just opposite. Except that the 1 000-grain weight stability of hulled barley was less than that of hulless barley,the stability of other grain size traits was related to the hulled-hulless type of barley. Based on entropy weighting,TOPSIS can be used as a comprehensive evaluation method of barley grain size. Chuan 52209 with plump and stable grains screened by this method can be used as an elite germplasm for grain trait improvement.

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