| 王鑫炜，任爱霞，孙 敏，林 文，张蓉蓉，赵 杰，高志强.播量对宽幅条播冬小麦群体结构和干物质积累分配的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2021,(10):1272 |
| 播量对宽幅条播冬小麦群体结构和干物质积累分配的影响 |
| Effect of Sowing Rate on Population Structure and Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution of Winter Wheat Sowing in Wide Strip |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2021.10.11 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 宽幅条播 播量 群体结构 干物质积累、分配 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Wide strip sowing Sowing rate Population structure Dry matter accumulation and distribution |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24)；国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD020040105)；对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY202002002）；山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001)；山西省 "1331工程"重点创新（培育）团队项目；山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0385）；山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018044) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确宽幅条播的适宜播量，于2017-2018年在山西省闻喜县（冬小麦试验示范基地）开展大田试验，采用宽幅条播，设150、225、300、375和425 kg·hm-2共5个播量处理，研究播量对小麦群体结构、干物质积累和分配的影响。结果表明，播量从150 kg·hm-2增加至300 kg·hm-2，可增加冬小麦越冬期、拔节期群体分蘖数、越冬-拔节阶段群体分蘖增加量；增加各生育时期地上部干物质积累量，尤其生育中、后期；提高开花期和成熟期叶片、穗轴+颖壳干物质积累量所占比例；增加花前叶片、穗轴+颖壳中干物质积累量，显著提高花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒贡献率，从而提高了穗数（5%~13%）、千粒重（0.3%~5.0%），并显著提高产量（4%~19%），但播量超过300 kg·hm-2则趋势相反。相关分析表明，冬小麦成熟期穗数与生育前期群体分蘖数密切相关，千粒重与花前干物质积累量和花后干物质积累量密切相关，尤其是花后干物质积累量。总之，山西南部冬小麦采用宽幅条播，播量为300 kg·hm-2时，利于冬小麦前期形成较多的有效分蘖，增加中后期干物质积累量，尤其叶片、穗轴+颖壳积累比例；利于增加花前叶片、穗轴+颖壳干物质转运量；促进花后干物质积累及其对籽粒的贡献，提高穗数和千粒重，实现增产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the appropriate sowing rate for winter wheat sowing in wide strip,a field experiment was carried out at the demon stration base of winter wheat experiment in Wenxi County,Shanxi Province in 2017-2018. Five sowing rates of 150,225,300,375 and 425 kg·hm-2 were conducted to study their effects on population structure,dry matter accumulation and distribution of wheat.The results showed that the increase of sowing rate from 150 kg·hm-2 to 300 kg·hm-2,increased the tiller number of winter wheat population at over wintering stage,jointing stage and increased population tillers at wintering-jointing stage.The dry matter accumulation of above ground parts at different growth stages was increased,especially in the middle and late growth stages.The proportion of dry matter accumulation in leaves,rachis and glume at flowering and maturity stages was increased; the dry matter accumulation was increased in leaves,rachis and glume pre-anthesis; the dry matter accumulation was significantly increased post-anthesis,and its contribution rate to grain was improved; the panicle number,1 000-grain weight and yield was increased by 5%-13%,0.3%-5.0%,and 4%-19%,respectively. However,when the sowing rate was more than 300 kg·hm-2,the trend was opposite. Correlation analysis showed that the ear number at maturity stage of winter wheat was closely related to the number of tillers at early growth stage,and the 1 000-grain weight was closely related to dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis.In a word,it is conducive to the formation of more effective tillers at early stage of winter wheat,and the dry matter accumulation,especially the proportion of leaf,rachis and glume accumulation,were increased at the middle and late stages,when the winter wheat in the south of Shanxi was sown at a sowing rate of 300 kg·hm-2 under wide sowing strip. It was beneficial to increase the transition of dry matter in leaves,rachis and glume before anthesis. It can promote the accumulation of dry matter after anthesis and its contribution to grain,increase the number of panicles and 1 000-grain weight,and achieve high yield. |
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