| 郭曾辉，雒文鹤，刘朋召，师祖姣，王 瑞，李 军.微喷灌条件下不同水氮处理对冬小麦水氮利用和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2021,(10):1256 |
| 微喷灌条件下不同水氮处理对冬小麦水氮利用和产量的影响 |
| Effect of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Treatments on Water and Nitrogen Efficiency and Yield of Winter Wheat under Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2021.10.009 |
| 中文关键词: 微喷灌 冬小麦 产量 经济效益 水分利用效率 氮肥偏生产力 |
| 英文关键词:Micro-sprinkler irrigation Winter wheat Grain yield Economic efficiency Water use efficiency Nitrogen partial productivity |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02); 国家自然科学基金项目(31801300) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在关中平原冬小麦生产中，降雨分布不合理和肥料利用效率低制约了农业的发展。为提高该地区小麦产量和水氮利用效率，于2017-2019年在陕西杨凌西北农林科技大学曹新庄试验站进行冬小麦田间试验，供试品种为普冰151，采用施氮和灌水二因素裂区设计，灌水量为主区（W0:0m·hm-2；W1:600 m·hm-2；W2:12 00 m·hm-2），灌溉方式为微喷灌；施氮量为副区（N0:0 kg·hm-2；N1:75 kg·hm-2；N2:150 kg·hm-2；N3:225 kg·hm-2；N4:300 kg·hm-2），研究了灌溉量和施氮量对冬小麦产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果发现，灌溉量和施氮量对冬小麦产量、经济效益和水氮利用效率有显著影响；灌溉能提高氮肥偏生产力和水分利用效率，灌溉水利用效率随着灌溉量增加而降低，水分利用效率随着灌溉量增加先升高后降低。施氮量超过150 kg·hm-2，水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率和冬小麦产量不会显著增加，氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量升高而降低。因此，施氮量150 kg·hm-2配合越冬灌水600 m·hm-2，能够在保障高产的基础上，提高水、氮利用效率，降低种植投入成本，增加农民收入，实现关中平原小麦高产高效水氮运筹的目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the production of winter wheat in the Guanzhong plain, the irrational distribution of rainfall and low fertilizer use efficiency have limited the development of agriculture. In order to improve the yield of wheat and fertilizer use efficiency,a field experiment was conducted in winter wheat growing seasons from 2017 to 2019 at the Caoxinzhuang Experimental Station of Northwest A&F University in Yangling, Shaanxi,China, with three irrigation levels as the main plots:W0(no irrigation), W1(600 m·hm-2), and W2(1 200 m·hm-2), and five nitrogen application levels as subplots of N0(no nitrogen application), N1(75 kg·hm-2), N2(150 kg·hm-2), N3(225 kg·hm-2), N4(300 kg·hm-2) under micro-sprinkler irrigation with Pubing 151 as material.The effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate on winter wheat yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected yield, economic benefits and water and nitrogen use efficiency. Irrigation can improve nitrogen partial productivity and water use efficiency. With the increase of irrigation amount, the irrigation water use efficiency decreased, and water use efficiency increased first and then decreased.The water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and winter wheat yield did not increase significantly when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 150 kg·hm-2.Nitrogen partial productivity decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Therefore,N2 treatment(nitrogen application rate of 150 kg·hm-2) combined with treatment W1 treatment(irrigation of 600 m·hm-2 at overwintering stage) can improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency,realizing the high yield and high efficiency in winter wheat production in the Guanzhong plain. |
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