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为探究陕西关中地区施氮量对不同叶绿素含量小麦生长、产量和品质的影响，并筛选出适宜高光效小麦的较佳施氮量,以西农979、冀麦5265及其黄绿叶突变体为供试材料，设置4个施氮水平：0  kg·hm^-2(CK)、120 kg·hm^-2(N₁)、240 kg·hm^-2(N₂)和360 kg·hm^-2(N₃)，分析施氮量对不同叶绿素含量小麦光合能力、氮利用、产量及其构成因素和品质的影响。结果表明，施氮量对小麦生长特性和产量有显著影响，随着施氮量的增加，西农979和冀麦5265黄绿叶突变体的旗叶面积、SPAD值、光合速率以及穗数、穗粒数、产量和品质等指标均呈先增后减的趋势，并在N₂处理下达到最大值；而冀麦5265的各项指标则呈现增加趋势，在N₃处理下达到最大值。西农979和冀麦5265及其黄绿叶突变体的氮肥偏生产力均随着施氮量增加而减小，氮素利用效率则均随着施氮量增加而呈现先减后增趋势。综上所述，在关中平原地区，西农979和冀麦5265黄绿叶突变体兼顾产量、品质与施肥效益的最佳施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2，冀麦5265为360  kg·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effect of nitrogen application rate on the growth, yield and quality of wheat with different chlorophyll content in Guanzhong area, and to screen out the best nitrogen application rate suitable for wheat with high light efficiency,Xinong 979, Jimai 5265 and Jimai 5265 yellow-green leaf mutant were used as the experiment materials, and four nitrogen levels(CK:0 kg·hm^-2, N₁:120 kg·hm^-2, N₂:240 kg·hm^-2,N₃:360 kg·hm^-2) were applied in the experiment. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen utilization, grain yield and its components, and grain quality of wheat with different chlorophyll content were determined. The results showed that nitrogen application rate had a significant effect on wheat growth and yield. With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the flag leaf area, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, spike number, kernels per spike, yield and quality of Xinong 979 and Jimai 5265 yellow-green leaf mutant showed a pattern of initial increment followed by a decline, and reached the maximum value under N₂ treatment; the parameters of Jimai 5265 showed an increasing trend, and reached the maximum value under N₃ treatment. The nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of Xinong 979, Jimai 5265 and its yellow-green leaf mutant was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application;the nitrogen use efficiency was decreased first and then increased with the increase of nitrogen application. To sum up, in the Guanzhong area, taking yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency into consideration, the optimal N application rate for Xinong 979 and Jimai 5265 yellow-green leaf mutant is 240  kg·hm^-2, and that for Jimai 5265 is 360 kg·hm^-2.

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