欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
席凯鹏，席吉龙，杨娜，王珂，张建诚，姚景珍，席天元，李永山	(山西省农业大学棉花研究所，山西运城 044000)

摘要点击次数: 391

全文下载次数: 422

中文摘要:

为揭示气候变暖下春季升温对小麦抗晚霜冻及产量的影响，在田间条件下，以黄淮海北片广适主栽小麦品种济麦22和山农28为试验材料，在返青-拔节期以塑料温棚日均增温0.86～0.9 ℃，连续增温28 d左右，至穗分化为药隔期前揭棚，研究不同气候年型下小麦产量对晚霜冻的响应，并以小麦叶片抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性、相对电导率、MDA含量、净光合速率指标综合评价抗冻性。结果表明，春季增温后小麦幼穗发育加快，抽穗提前3～5 d，生育期缩短2~3 d，开花期干物质积累量提高18.97%~23.50%，花前营养器官贮存干物质转运量和转运效率以及株高均显著增加。在霜冻发生年（于4月6日晚霜冻，温度为 -2.6～-1.1 ℃，持续时间5 h），增温处理的叶片相对电导率、MDA含量较对照明显升高，SOD和POD活性及光合速率显著下降，穗粒数和经济系数显著降低，减产6.8%～8.2%；在正常年份，增温处理的穗粒数和经济系数显著增加，产量提高10.5%～11.3%。这说明春季增温会导致小麦抗晚霜冻能力降低；春季适度增温到药隔期，利用自然低温霜冻或人工霜箱低温胁迫可对小麦抗晚霜冻性进评价。

英文摘要:

In order to evaluate effects of increased temperature in springon wheat late frost tolerance and yield in global warming,two wheat cultivars Jimai 22 and Shannong 28 of Northern Huang-huai-hai area were used to study the wheat yield and late-frost tolerance in response to different climate years. Daily average temperature was increased by 0.86-0.9 ℃ for 28 days from regreening stage to jointing stage in field conditions covered with plastic chamber. The chamber was removed at spike differentiation stage. Frost tolerance was evaluated with leaf electrical conductivity, SOD, POD, CAT, MDA and photosynthetic rate. The results showed that the wheat young spike development was advanced by 3 to 5 days; the growth period was shortened by 2 to 3 days; the dry matter accumulation amount at flowering stage was increased significantly by 18.97% to 23.50%, and the dry matter transport capacity, transport efficiency of vegetative organs before anthesisand plant height were significantly increased.In the year of frost occurrence (late frost on April 6, the temperature was -2.6 to -1.1 ℃, with the duration of 5 h), compared with the control, the electrical conductivity and MDA of leaves in the warming treatment were significantly increased; the activities of SOD and POD and photosynthetic rate were significantly decreased; the grain number per spike and economic coefficient were significantly reduced, and the yield was reduced by 6.8% to 8.2%. In normal years, the grain number per spike and economic coefficient of wheat were significantly increased, and the yield was significantly increased by 10.5% to 11.3%. The results showed that increasing temperature in spring would reduce the ability of wheat to resist late frost; moderate warming in spring can be used to evaluate the resistance of wheat to late frost by natural frost or artificial frost chamber.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭