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随着全球气候变暖，高温胁迫对小麦的产量和品质造成的影响越来越严重。准确可靠地评估种质资源的耐热性，已成为当前小麦耐热育种和耐热性基础研究的关键环节和基础。由于目前尚未有系统的耐热性评估体系，不同试验中小麦的耐热性评价结果有很大差异，阻碍了小麦耐热性研究和耐热种质资源的利用。本文通过厘清高温胁迫对小麦不同发育阶段的危害，回顾近年来小麦耐热研究进展，重点分析目前常用的小麦耐热性评价指标可靠性及评估方法的优缺点，明确当前小麦耐热种质资源利用中的难点与面临的挑战，探索耐热性分类和创制耐热资源的新思路，为小麦耐热性基础研究与遗传改良提供参考。

英文摘要:

With the global warming, the effect of heat stress on wheat yield and quality is more and more serious. Accurate and reliable evaluation of heat tolerance of germplasm resources has become the key foundation of wheat heat tolerance breeding and research. As there is no systematic evaluation system of heat tolerance, the results of heat tolerance evaluation of wheat in different experiments are quite different, which restricts the research on heat tolerance of wheat and the utilization of heat tolerance germplasm resources. In this paper, the damage of heat stress on different development stages of wheat was clarified, and the research progress of wheat heat tolerance in recent years was reviewed. The reliability of commonly used evaluation indices and the advantages and disadvantages of evaluation methods were emphatically analyzed. The difficulties and challenges in the utilization of heat-resistant germplasm resources were identified, and new ideas for heat tolerance classification and creation of heat-resistant resources were explored to provide a reference for the fundamental research of thermal properties and genetic improvement.

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