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作者	单位
王玉姝,韩燕来,柴汕,高慧珊,李青松	(1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450002；2. 河南省土地整治与生态重建工程技术研究中心，河南郑州 450002)

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中文摘要:

为了探究小麦生产中化肥施用对环境的影响，选取河南省滑县为研究区域，采用面访式问卷调查方法，获得小麦施肥数据，并参照原中国农业部“3414”试验推荐施肥量作为生态安全临界阈值，对小麦生产中化肥施用环境风险进行分析。结果表明，研究区的氮肥和磷肥施用强度分别超过国家“3414”试验推荐值112.9%和82.2%，钾肥施用强度低于国家推荐值，仅为其77.5%；施肥强度与小麦产量间不存在简单的线性关系，高化肥施用强度并不一定带来高产量；小麦产量对氮肥和磷肥施用环境风险程度不敏感，在钾肥施用环境风险达到严重程度时产量会受到影响且降低。随着氮肥施用环境风险程度的增加，其对应农户比例呈先增后降的趋势，在中度环境风险时最大（36.8%）；不同磷肥施用环境风险等级的对应户比例（除重度风险时较小5.3%）分布较为均匀，介于20.6%~26.6%范围；不同钾肥施用环境风险等级的对应农户比例随风险程度的增加呈递减趋势，中度以上风险等级的农户比例均在10%以下。这说明该区域小麦生产中，无论是从资源节约，还是从环境风险防控的角度，均应采取控氮、减磷、补钾的施肥策略，加大平衡施肥技术的宣传和推广。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the impact of fertilizer application on the environment in wheat production,the method of face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to obtain wheat fertilization data in Huaxian,Henan Province. The environmental risk of fertilizer application in wheat production was analyzed with reference to the “3414” test recommended fertilizer amount by the former Ministry of Agriculture as the critical threshold of ecological safety. The results showed:the application amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer exceeded the standard by 112.9% and 82.2%,respectively,and the application amount of potassium fertilizer was only 77.5% of the national recommended dosage. There was no simple linear relationship between the application amount and wheat yield. High chemical fertilizer application does not mean high yield. Wheat yield was not sensitive to the environmental risk degree of N and P₂O₅ application,but it was reduced by K₂O application in severe risk degree. With the environmental risk of nitrogen fertilizer application increasing,the proportion of corresponding farmers first increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum of 36.8% when the environmental risk level is moderate. The proportion of the environmental risk level of phosphate fertilizer application to the corresponding number of households (except for severe risks,of which the proportion is 5.3%) is more evenly distributed,ranging from 20.6% to 26.6%.The environmental pollution risk level of potassium fertilizer application and the proportion of its corresponding farmers showed a decreasing trend,and the proportion of its corresponding farmers with medium risk level and above was below 10%. It showed that for wheat production in this region,fertilization strategies of nitrogen control,phosphorus reduction,and potassium supplementation should be adopted no matter from the perspective of resource conservation or environmental pollution risk prevention and control,and the publicity and promotion of balanced fertilization technology should be increased.

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