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作者	单位
张伟，张婷，袁凯，史晓芳，杨斌，张建诚，逯腊虎	（1.山西农业大学小麦研究所，山西临汾 041000； 2.山西农业大学棉花研究所，山西运城 044000）

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中文摘要:

为了选育K型不育系的恢复系和配制优势组合，利用72个黄淮麦区优良小麦品种（系）与K型不育系配制测交组合，测定K型不育系的育性恢复性和杂种优势。结果表明，72个测交组合中，高可育和全可育共占比54.16%，说明K型不育系能被黄淮麦区大多数品种恢复育性，其中5个测交组合的国内法自交结实率均超过80%，表现全可育，其国际法自交结实率均超过100%，最高的组合达到158.33%；16个测交组合的国内法和国际法自交结实率均为0，表现全不育，对K型不育系进行回交转育，可培育新的不育系。利用24个测交组合进行超标优势分析，结果表明，8个农艺性状中，单穗粒数的平均超标优势最高，为9.23%，其次为穗长和千粒重，平均超标优势分别为5.80%和5.24%，且这3个性状的超标优势对产量的超标优势贡献最大，其中，3个测交组合的超标优势表现突出，具有增产潜力,可以进行下一步研究。

英文摘要:

In order to study the restoration of fertility of K-type male sterile lines,72 wheat varieties(lines) from Huang-Huai wheat region were used as male parent to cross with K-type male sterile lines. The results showed that among the 72 test combinations, the proportion of high fertility and complete fertility was 54.16%. This indicated that K-type male sterile lines can be well recovered by most varieties in Huang-Huai wheat region. 5 test combinations with high self-seed setting rate by clomestic method(more than 80%) showed complete fertility;And self-seed setting rate by international method all exceeded 100%, and the highest reached to 158.33%.16 combinations with low self-seed setting rate(0) both by domestic method and international method showed complete sterility,which can be backcrossed to breed new sterile lines. Based on main agronomic traits, the heterosis of top 24 F₁ hybrids compared with the control variety Jimai 22 were tested. The results showed that among the eight agronomic traits, the average over-standard heterosis of grain number per ear was the highest(9.23%),followed by ear length and 1 000-grain weight(5.80% and 5.24%).The over-standard heterosis of these three traits contributed the most to yield.3 combinations performed better among 24 combinations in most traits and had the potential to increase yield, which can be further studied.

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