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作者	单位
孙鹏，张金汕，贾永红，刘冲，李鹏，蒋文，李春艳，石书兵	（1.新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052；2.新疆农业科学院土地所/奇台麦类试验站，新疆奇台 831800）

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中文摘要:

为明确立体匀播和种植密度对冬小麦农艺性状及光合特性的影响，选用冬小麦品种新冬46号为材料，采用裂区试验设计，主区设立体匀播和常规条播2种播种方式，副区设375万、300万、225万和150万株·hm^-24种种植密度，测定分析了不同处理下冬小麦分蘖数、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、净光合速率（P_n）、产量及其构成。结果表明，在条播条件下，随种植密度的增加，冬小麦穗数呈先降后增的趋势，穗粒数、千粒重、产量、主茎叶数、分蘖茎叶数、分蘖穗长、分蘖穗小穗数、叶片SPAD值和P_n呈先增后降的趋势，其中产量在225万株·hm^-2条件下最高，分蘖数、主茎粗、分蘖茎粗、主茎穗长和主茎穗小穗数呈逐渐降低的趋势。在立体匀播条件下，随种植密度的增加，冬小麦穗数呈增加的趋势，千粒重、分蘖数、主茎粗、叶片SPAD值和P_n呈逐渐降低的趋势，穗粒数、产量、主茎叶数、分蘖茎叶数、分蘖茎粗和分蘖穗小穗数呈现先降后增的趋势，主茎穗长、分蘖穗长和主茎穗小穗数呈先增后降的趋势，其中产量在150万株·hm^-2条件下最高。立体匀播的小麦平均产量、穗数、分蘖数、叶片SPAD值和P_n较条播分别增加9.84%、17.68%、 21.40%、7.52%和13.14%。综合来看，立体匀播较条播更有利于冬小麦的生长发育及净光合速率的提高，从而实现高产，与之配套的适宜种植密度为150万株·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effects of stereoscopic planting and planting density on agronomic characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat, Xindong 46 was selected as the material, and split plot experiment design was adopted. Two planting patterns were set up in the main plot:bulk uniform sowing and conventional drilling sowing, and 3.75 million, 3.25 million and 1.5 million plants per hm planting densities were set up in the sub-plot. The tiller number, stem diameter, leaf number, relative chlorophyll content(SPAD), net photosynthetic rate(P_n), yield and its composition of winter wheat under different treatments were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under the conditions of drilling, with the increase of planting density, the number of spikes of winter wheat decreased first and then increased. The number of grains per spike, 1 000-grain weight, yield, number of main stem leaves, number of tiller stems and leaves, length of tiller spikes, number of spikelets per tiller spike, SPAD value and P_n of leaves increased first and then decreased, while the number of tillers, diameter of main stem, length of main stem and spikelets per spike decreased gradually. Under the condition of stereoscopic sowing, with the increase of planting density, the spike number of winter wheat increased, while the 1 000-grain weight, tiller number, main stem diameter, leaf SPAD value and P_n decreased gradually. The number of grains per spike, yield, main stem leaf number, tiller stem leaf number, tiller stem diameter and spikelet number of tiller spikelets decreased first and then increased. The spike length of main stem, tiller spikelet length and spikelet number of main stem basically presented the trend of decrease and increase. The trend increases first and then decreases. The average yield, panicle number, tiller number, leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate increased by 9.84%, 17.68%, 21.40%, 7.52% and 13.14%，respectively.Stereoscopic sowing is more conducive to the growth and development of winter wheat and the increase of net photosynthetic rate, so as to achieve high yield.

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