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为探明减量施氮对滴灌春小麦籽粒灌浆特性和氮代谢酶活性的影响，选用春小麦株高不同的两个品种（2017年，新春6号和新春31号）和籽粒蛋白质含量不同的两个品种（2018年，新春38号和新春49号）为材料，采用裂区试验设计，比较分析在300 kg·hm^-2(N₁)、275 kg·hm^-2( N₂)、250 kg·hm^-2(N₃)、225 kg·hm^-2( N₄)和不施氮肥( N₅）5个氮素水平下四个品种籽粒灌浆速率等参数及硝酸还原酶( NR ) 、谷氨酸合成酶( GOGAT ) 、谷氨酰胺合成酶( GS )活性的差异。结果表明，在减量施氮条件下，新春6号和新春38号的籽粒最大灌浆速率(V_{m_{)、三种酶活性及产量分别在N₃处理下表现最优；新春31号与新春49号的籽粒最大灌浆速率(V_{m_{)、三种酶活性及产量分别在N₂处理下表现最优。随着施氮量的降低，小麦籽粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(t_{m_{)相对提前，同时V_{m_{和粒重积累持续时间(△t)均增加，所以减量施氮条件下小麦粒重仍然比较高。随施氮量的增加，两年的小麦产量及其构成因素均呈先增后降的趋势。因此，适当减量施氮可提高滴灌春小麦籽粒灌浆特性以及氮代谢酶活性，进而实现节肥和高产。}}}}}}}}

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effect of reduced nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and activities of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in spring wheat with drip irrigation,two spring wheat varieties with different plant heights(2017,Xinchun 6 and Xinchun 31 ) and two spring wheat varieties with different protein content in grains(2018,Xinchun 38 and Xinchun 49) were selected as materials,and split-plot experiment design was adopted. The differences of grain filling rate and nitrate reductase(NR),glutamic acid synthetase(GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activities of four wheat varieties were compared and analyzed under five nitrogen levels of 300 kg·hm^-2(N₁),275 kg·hm^-2(N₂),250 kg·hm^-2(N₃),225 kg·hm^-2(N₄) and no nitrogen fertilizer(N₅). The results showed that under the condition of reducing nitrogen application,the maximum grain filling rate(V_{m_{),three enzyme activities and yield of Xinchun 6 and Xinchun 38 wheat were the best under N₃. The maximum grain filling rate(V_{m_{),three enzyme activities and yield of Xinchun 31 and Xinchun 49 wheat were the best under N₂ treatment. And with the decrease of nitrogen application rate,the time(t_{m_{) for the grain to reach the maximum filling rate was relatively advanced,while V_{m_{and grain weight accumulation duration(△t) were increased,so the grain weight of wheat was still relatively high. With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the yield components and yield of wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing for two years. Therefore,the improvement of grain filling characteristics and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity of spring wheat with drip irrigation can be achieved by reducing the amount of nitrogen application,thus achieving the goal of combining fertilizer conservation and high yield.}}}}}}}}

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