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为深入了解和利用黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种（系），本研究以黄淮南片2016-2017年度参加国家区试的81份普通小麦品种(系)及本课题组育成的10份普通小麦品种(系)为试验材料，利用主成分分析法、二维排序分析法及聚类分析法对供试材料的12个主要农艺性状进行了分析，并选用10个分子标记分别鉴定小麦赤霉病抗性基因（Fhb1）、矮杆基因(Rht1、 Rht2、 Rht8）、多酚氧化酶基因（PPO-A1）、光周期基因(PpD-A1、 PpD-D1）和穗发芽抗性基因或QTL位点( Vp1B3、 Qphs.ccsu-3A.1）。结果表明，通过主成分分析，提取了6个特征根大于1的主成分，代表了79.128%的原始数据信息；以参试材料的主成分得分绘制二维排序图，筛选出26个矮杆、穗大粒多、旗叶面积适中、综合农艺性状优良的品种；以主成分分析的综合得分进行聚类分析，在欧氏距离1.0处将参试材料聚为5类，综合农艺性状较好的材料主要聚在第Ⅴ类。分子标记鉴定结果显示，共有7（7.69%）个材料在所测位点上具有较好的基因型。结合农艺性状分析及分子标记鉴定结果，综合农艺性状较好且具有较强的穗发芽抗性和较低的多酚氧化酶活性的品种为郑麦151和西农585，可在今后的小麦生产及育种上优先考虑利用。

英文摘要:

To further understand and utilize the bread wheat varieties in the Huang-huai wheat growing region,81 wheat cultivars(participated in the National Adaptability Test of Wheat Varieties in 2016-2017) originated from Huang-huai wheat growing region and 10 wheat varieties cultivated by our research group were used as experimental materials. Twelve agronomic traits of wheat cultivars were investigated,and then further principal component analysis(PCA) of those traits were performed. In addition,10 selected molecular markers,including wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) resistance genes ( Fhb1),dwarf genes( Rht1, Rht2 and Rht8),polyphenol oxidase gene( PPO-A1),photoperiod genes(PpD-A1 and PpD-D1) and pre-harvest sprouting resistance genes or QTL locus ( Vp1B3 and Qphs.ccsu-3A.1),were effectively used to conduct identification of molecular markers in experimental materials. The results show that in the principal component analysis(PCA),12 important agronomic traits were condensed into six comprehensive indicators(eigen value>1),explaining 79.128% of the raw data. Based on scatter plot of principal component scores，a total of 26 fine cultivars with the characteristics of short stalk,large panicles with many spikelets,modest flag leaf,and excellent comprehensive agronomic traits,were targeted after screening. Cluster analysis based on comprehensive scores of PCA,all tested materials were classified into five groups at Euclidean distance of 1.0 and materials with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits were mainly clustered in the fifth category. Seven cultivars with better genotypes at test sites were screened by molecular marker, accounting for 7.69% of the tested materials. Combined with the results of agronomic trait analysis and molecular marker detection,it was found that the varieties with excellent agronomic traits,strong germination resistance and low polyphenol oxidase activities were Zhengmai 151 and Xinong 585,which can be prioritized in future wheat production and breeding.

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