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作者	单位
宫宇，郭艳艳，王贵彦，陈宗培，段巍巍	(河北农业大学农学院/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室，河北保定 071000)

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中文摘要:

为明确氮肥追施时期对冬小麦籽粒发育和灌浆特征的影响，选用冬小麦品种石麦18，采用随机区组设计，研究了LA1(春2叶期)、LA2(春3叶期)、LA3(春4叶期)、LA4(春5叶期)、LA5(春6叶期)5个追氮处理对籽粒胚乳细胞分裂增殖和灌浆特征的影响。结果表明，追氮时期对胚乳细胞增殖和灌浆特征均有显著影响。LA1、LA2和LA3处理的胚乳细胞在籽粒建成期分裂速率较高，而后分裂速率急剧下降，胚乳细胞数较少；灌浆速率表现为前期较高，后期较低；成熟时粒重较低。LA4处理能延长籽粒胚乳细胞增殖活跃期，在花后21 d后胚乳细胞仍然具有较高的分裂增殖能力，胚乳细胞数目最多,籽粒的最大灌浆速率最高，后期的灌浆能力较强，粒重最高。LA5处理胚乳细胞数较多，后期灌浆速率较低，粒重仅低于LA4处理。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effect of topdressing nitrogen period on the characteristics of endosperm cell development and grain filling,the experiments were conducted with winter wheat cultivar Shimai 18 under five treatments：LA1(topdressing nitrogen at the second spring leaf stage),LA2(topdressing nitrogen at the third spring leaf stage),LA3(topdressing nitrogen at forth spring leaf stage),LA4(topdressing nitrogen at the fifth spring leaf stage)and LA5(topdressing nitrogen at the sixth spring leaf stage)by using randomized block experiment design. The results showed that the effects of topdressing nitrogen stage on the characteristics of endosperm cell proliferation and grain filling are significant. Endosperm cell proliferation rate was higher during the grain formation,then the endosperm cell proliferation rate was sharply decreased,and the number of endosperm cell was less under LA1,LA2 and LA3,while grain filling rate was higher in early stage and lower in later stage,and the grain weight was lower at maturity. Under the treatment LA4,the proliferative active period of endosperm cells was prolonged,with the higher endosperm cell proliferative ability after 21 days of anthesis,with the most number of endosperm cells,the maximum grain filling rate,the stronger grain filling capacity at late stage,and the highest grain weight. LA5,gave a great amount of endosperm cells and lower grain filling rate at the middle and late grain filling stage,and the higher grain weight.

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