| 黄 明，吴金芝，李友军，陈明灿，付国占，王贺正.施磷量对低磷灌区冬小麦产量、经济效益和农学效率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(2):183 |
| 施磷量对低磷灌区冬小麦产量、经济效益和农学效率的影响 |
| Effect of Phosphorus Application Rate on Grain Yield,Economic Profit and Agronomy Efficiency in Winter Wheat under Irrigated Land with Low Phosphorus |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.02.09 |
| 中文关键词: 施磷量 冬小麦 籽粒产量 经济效益 农学效率 |
| 英文关键词:Phosphorus application rate Winter wheat Grain yield Economic profit Agronomy efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400); 河南省重点科技攻关基金项目( 102102110030); 河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480070) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为优化低磷灌区的小麦施磷量，2014-2016年，以西农979、西农3517、兰考198、开麦20、泛麦8号和洛麦22为材料进行田间定位试验，研究了P2O5量为0(P0)、60(P60)、120(P120)、180(P180)和240(P240) kg·hm-2 5个不同施磷量对冬小麦籽粒产量及其构成因素、经济效益和磷肥农学效率的影响。结果表明，随施磷量的增加，小麦成穗数显著或不显著增加，穗粒数、籽粒产量和经济效益呈先升高后降低的趋势，磷肥农学效率逐渐下降。品种对小麦籽粒产量、经济效益和磷肥农学效率有显著影响，两个小麦生长季的平均产量和经济效益分别均以P180和P120处理最高；在2015-2016生长季，P60、P120、P180和P240的磷肥农学效率较2014-2015生长季分别高39.1%、56.8%、11.5%和-2.4%。回归分析表明，在2015-2016生长季，不同小麦品种获得最佳经济效益的施磷量为128.3~139.1 kg·hm-2 ，较获得最佳产量的施磷量降低5.8%~7.2%，二者的理论产量差异仅为0.12%~0.68%。建议低磷灌区小麦施P2O5120~140 kg·hm-2 。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the optimum phosphorus application rate for increasing grain yield,profit and efficiency of wheat under irrigated land with low phosphorus,the experiments,including five phosphorus(P2O5) application rates,i.e. 0(P0),60(P60),120(P120),180(P180) and 240(P240) kg·hm-2 and six varieties,i.e. Xinong 979,Xinong 3517,Lankao 198,Kaimai 20,Fanmai 8 and Luomai 22,were conducted in the fixed plots from 2014 to 2016. The effect of phosphorus application rate on grain yield,economic profits,and phosphorus agronomy efficiency of winter wheat were studied. Results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application rate,wheat spikes per area was increased,and kernels per spike,grain yield and economic profit were increased at first and then decreased,but the phosphorus agronomy efficiency was decreased gradually.Cultivars had a significant difference effect on grain yield,economic profit,and phosphorus agronomy efficiency,but the average grain yield or economic profit was highest under P180 in the first growing season and highest under P120 in the later growing season. Compared with that in 2014-2015,the average agronomy efficiencies of P60,P120,P180 and P240 in 2015-2016 were increased by 39.1%,56.8%,11.5% and -2.4%,respectively. According to the fertilizer response function on grain yield and economic profit,the phosphorus rate of the optimum profit was 128.3-139.1 kg·hm-2 in 2015-2016 and 5.8%-7.2%lower than that of the optimum yield,but the difference of theoretical grain yield was only 0.12%-0.68%. Therefore,the reasonable phosphorus application rate should be 120-140 kg·hm-2 in winter wheat under irrigated land with low phosphorus. |
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