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小麦黑胚病病因复杂，链格孢（Alternaria alternata）、麦根腐平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris Sorokiniana）、层出镰刀菌（Fusarium proliferatum）等多种真菌是引起小麦黑胚病的主要病原。有限的研究报告显示，小麦对黑胚病的抗性具有数量性状特征，QTL定位研究尚处于初级阶段。目前报道的小麦抗黑胚病QTLs位于1D、2A、2B、2D、3D、4A、5A、7A等多条染色体上。小麦第2部分同源群携带了较多抗病QTLs，与这些QTLs连锁的分子标记有gwm319(2B)、gwm341(3DS)和wmc048(4AS)等，但是还没有见到这些标记在抗小麦黑胚病新品种培育中应用的报道。综上所述，针对目前小麦黑胚病抗性遗传研究中缺乏准确的抗性鉴定方法和病原不清导致的QTL定位结果不可靠的问题，应在明确病原菌的情况下，采取可靠的接菌鉴定方法进行QTL定位研究并开发分子标记，以期辅助抗黑胚病株系的选择。

英文摘要:

The causes of wheat black point are complicated. Several fungal species, such as Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris Sorokiniana and Fusarium proliferatum are important pathogens of black point in wheat. Only a few studies on wheat inheritance to black point have been reported. They suggested that the wheat resistance is controlled by quantitative trait loci. According to the current researches, the QTLs of wheat black point resistance were located on different chromosomes, such as 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3D, 4A, 5A and 7A. The 2nd homoeologous group has more resistant QTLs. Though there are some markers linked to the QTLs(gwm319 on 2B, wmc048 on 4AS, gwm341 on 3DS, etc.) had been reported, there is no reports about application of these markers for breeding resistant wheat varieties. In summary, to solve the problems of lacking accurate method for resistance identification and unsoundness results of QTLs mapping due to uncertain causes of black point, we should identify the QTLs and develop molecular marker to assist breeding selection for resistance to black point in wheat, using the reliable method for resistance identification under inoculation of the identified fungal pathogens.

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