| 姜莉莉，张中霄，王红艳，乔 康，王开运，王 东.防治小麦纹枯病和根腐病高效药剂的筛选及其与香菇多糖联用的防效评价[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(1):113 |
| 防治小麦纹枯病和根腐病高效药剂的筛选及其与香菇多糖联用的防效评价 |
| Screening of Efficient Fungicides Against Sharp Eyespot and Root Rot of Wheat and Control Effect of Lentinan Combined with the Fungicides on Wheat Diseases |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.01.16 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 土传病害 杀菌剂 诱抗剂 防效 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Soil borne disease Fungicide Inducer Control effect |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503130） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为实现对小麦纹枯病和根腐病节药防控，采用菌落直径法筛选了对小麦纹枯病菌和根腐病菌高效的杀菌剂，并将其与香菇多糖联用，通过小麦拌种处理，在盆栽条件下评价其对小麦纹枯病与根腐病的防治效果。结果表明，95%己唑醇对小麦纹枯病菌、根腐病菌的毒力最高，对这两种病原菌的EC50分别为0.094、0.144 mg·L-1；97%咯菌腈对小麦纹枯病菌、根腐病菌的EC50值分别为0.312、0.766 mg·L-1。剂量为1 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的己唑醇施药后7 d对小麦纹枯病和根腐病的防效分别为77.5%和80.2%；剂量为4 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的咯菌腈施药后7 d对小麦纹枯病和根腐病的防效分别为75.8%和82.5%。香菇多糖与己唑醇和咯菌腈混合拌种对两种小麦病害的防效均高于单剂处理，0.5 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的己唑醇与4 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的香菇多糖联用7 d后，对小麦纹枯病和根腐病的防效分别为75.2%和79.4%。2 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的咯菌腈与4 g a.i.·100 kg-1小麦种子的香菇多糖联用与己唑醇/香菇多糖联用防效相近。综上所述，己唑醇或咯菌腈与香菇多糖联合施用，可兼治小麦纹枯病和根腐病，有助于小麦生产节药控害，降低环境污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To control sharp eyespot and root rot of wheat with less fungicide, this study screened efficient fungicides with colony diameter method, established combinations of inducer lentinan with the efficient fungicides, and evaluated their control effects on the two wheat diseases by seed treatment in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that 95% hexaconazole exhibited highly control effect against Rhizoctonia cerealis, the causal pathogen of wheat sharp eyespot, and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal pathogen of wheat root rot, and EC50 values were 0.094 and 0.144 mg·L-1, respectively. It was also indicated that EC50 values of another fungicide 97% fludioxonil were 0.312 mg·L-1 and 0.766 mg·L-1, respectively, suggesting that control effect of fludioxonil was lower than that of hexaconazole. Hexaconazole applied with a dosage of 1 g a.i.·100 kg-1wheat seeds showed 77.5% and 80.2% control effect against wheat sharp eyespot and wheat root rot, respectively, at 7 days after seed treatment. Meanwhile, fludioxonil with a dosage of 4 g a.i.·100 kg-1wheat seeds implied control effect of 75.8% to wheat sharp eyespot and 82.5% on wheat root rot respectively. Control effects of either hexaconazole or fludioxonil combined with lentinan were increased, which were dramatically higher than that of independent lentinan application. The first combination, hexaconazole with a dosage of 0.5 g a.i.·100 kg-1wheat seeds plus lentinan with a dosage of 4 g a.i.·100 kg-1wheat seeds, reached up to 75.2% control effect on wheat sharp eyespot and 79.4% on wheat root rot at 7 d after the combined complex were used, respectively. A similar control effect was also observed at the last combination of fludioxonil with a dosage of 2 g a.i.·100 kg-1wheat seeds and lentinan with a dosage of 4 g a.i.·100 kg-1kg wheat seeds. Overall, application of combination of lentinan with hexaconazole or fludioxonil could simultaneously inhibit the development of sharp eyespot and root rot of wheat, contributing to decrease of the amount of chemical fungicides used to manage wheat diseases and environmental population caused by the fungicides. |
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