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作者	单位
申顺先，李学慧，路红卫，贺爱利，尹钧，卢良峰	（1.河南农业职业学院,河南中牟 451450； 2.河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为了提高小麦×玉米的得胚率，利用糯玉米西星糯玉1号与普通玉米金博士658的花粉，在小麦雄性不育系K百农192A的始花期、初花期、盛花期授粉，研究不同花期用不同玉米授粉对小麦单倍体胚诱导与不同小穗位、粒位结实的影响。结果表明，小麦初花期授粉的每穗颖果数（60.8）显著多于始花期授粉（55.3），且二者极显著多于盛花期授粉（46.1）；金博士658授粉的颖果得胚率和每穗胚数（5.3%，2.8）极显著高于西星糯玉1号授粉的（3.3%，1.8），用金博士658在小麦初花期授粉时二者最高（5.6%，3.3）。授粉时期的推移有利于下部小穗的结实，不利于中上部小穗的结实，但对中下部小穗的结实影响不大。同一小穗位不同粒位的结实率差异显著，基本符合：第1粒位≥第2粒位>第3粒位>第4粒位>第5粒位。授粉时期的推移不利于上部至顶部小穗第1、2粒位的结实，而有利于下部小穗第3、4、5粒位的结实；初花期授粉比始花期与盛花期授粉更有利于中上部小穗第3、4、5粒位的结实；西星糯玉1号比金博士658授粉更有利于第3、4、5粒位的结实。

英文摘要:

In this study,male sterile lines of wheat K Bainong 192A were pollinated at different flowering stages with waxy maize Xixing 1 and normal maize Jinboshi 658,respectively.The results showed that caryopsis at wheat early flowering stage(60.8) had significantly more than that at initial flowering stage(55.3) and both of them had significantly more at blossoming stage(46.1).There was no significant difference in caryopsis between the two kinds of maize.However,the rates of embryo caryopsis and the number of embryos per panicle pollinated with Jinboshi 658(5.3% and 2.8) were significantly higher than those with Xixing 1(3.3% and 1.8).There was no significant difference in caryopsis among different wheat flowering stages.The highest rate of embryo caryopsis and the number of embryos per panicle were 5.6% and 3.3,respectively,which was gained at early flowering stage with Jinboshi 658.The grain number per spike was favorable to the lower spikelets(lower 6),but unfavorable to the middle and upper parts(upper 13) with the delay of pollination time.It had no significant effect on the middle and lower parts(7 to 12).The grain number at different spikelets pollinated with Xixing 1 was more than that with Jinboshi 658,but the differences were not significant.Setting percentage at different parts of wheat ear was significantly different.Generally,it was ranked as the first grain(1st) position ≥ the second grain position(2nd) > the third grain position(3rd) > the fourth grain position(4th) > the fifth grain position(5th).The grain number per spike was favorable to the lower part at the 3rd,4th and 5th grain position but unfavorable to the upper parts with the delay of pollination time.The grain number per spike at the 3rd,4th and 5th grain position of the middle and upper parts pollinated at early flowering stage were more than those at initial flowering and blossoming stages.There was rear difference on the grain number per spike at the 1st and 2nd grain position between the two kinds of maize.The grain number per spike at the 3rd,4th and 5th grain positions pollinated with Xixing 1 were more than that with Jinboshi 658.

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