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作者	单位
何杰,李冰,王昌全,张敬昇,向毫,尹斌,梁靖越	(1.四川农业大学资源学院，四川成都 611130； 2.中国科学院南京土壤研究所，江苏南京 210008)

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中文摘要:

为探究控释氮肥与尿素配施对土壤供氮特征与潜力以及小麦生长的影响，采用盆栽试验研究了不同控施氮肥比率(0,10%,20%,40%,80%,100%)对根际土壤无机氮含量和细菌、真菌、放线菌数量及小麦干物质累积、生长速率和产量的影响。结果表明，施氮能显著提高土壤无机氮含量和微生物数量。小麦分蘖期，CUR0处理土壤的硝态氮含量和微生物数量最大。随生育期推进，CRU40及更高控氮比率处理显著增加土壤的无机氮含量；较CRU0处理，CRU40处理显著增加土壤细菌数量，CRU40及更高控氮比率处理显著增加土壤放线菌数量，CRU20处理土壤真菌数量增长显著。从拔节期到成熟期，CRU40处理较CRU0处理显著提高了小麦干物质量及生长速率，较CRU0和CRU100处理，成熟期小麦单株干物质量分别增加44.54% 和17.42%; 各施氮处理小麦的穗粒数和千粒重无显著差异，CRU40处理较CRU0处理显著提高了单株有效穗数，籽粒产量较CRU0和CRU100处理分别增加17.38%和11.79%。综上所述，恰当配施控释氮肥能提高土壤养分含量，促进小麦生长。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and urea fertilizer application on soil nitrogen supplying characteristics and potential as well as the growth of wheat,pot experiment was carried out to research the effect of different ratio of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer(0,10%,20%,40%,80%,100%) on root rhizosphere soil inorganic nitrogen content,amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes, and dry matter accumulation,growth rate and yield of wheat. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and microbial amount. At the tillering stage of wheat,the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil and the quantity of microorganism in the soil reached the maximum with CRU0 treatment.With the advance of the growth period,CRU40 and the above ratio treatments significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen content. Compared with CRU0,CRU40 treatment significantly increased the number of bacteria,and CRU40 and above the ratio treatments significantly increased the number of actinomycetes,and CRU20 treatment significantly increased the number of fungi. Compared with CRU0 treatment,CRU40 significantly increased wheat dry matter weight and growth rate from jointing stage to mature stage. Compared with CRU0 and CRU100 at mature stage,CRU40 significantly increased wheat dry matter weight by 44.54% and 17.42%,respectively. There was no significant difference in grain number and 1000-grain weight of wheat among different nitrogen application treatments. CRU40 treatment significantly increased the number of effective spikes per plant,compared with CRU0 treatment. The grain yield was increased by 17.38% and 11.79%,respectively under CRU40 treatment,compared with CRU0 and CRU100 treatments. In summary,proper application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content and promote the growth of wheat.

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