| 兰雪梅，黄彩霞，李博文，李守蕾，宋雅丽， 柴雨葳，程宏波，常 磊，柴守玺.不同覆盖材料对西北旱地冬小麦地温及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1084 |
| 不同覆盖材料对西北旱地冬小麦地温及产量的影响 |
| Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Temperature and Yield of Winter Wheat in Northwest Arid Land of China |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.08.15 |
| 中文关键词: 西北旱地 冬小麦 秸秆带状覆盖 土壤温度 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Northwest arid land Winter wheat Straw strip mulching Soil temperature Yield |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-49);盛彤笙科技创新基金项目(GSAU-STS-1512,GSAU-STS-1526);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(145RJZA228) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探寻不同覆盖材料下西北旱地冬小麦地温与产量的特征及其相关性，以冬小麦兰天26号为材料，在秸秆带状覆盖（常规条播：SM1；宽幅条播：SM2）、全膜覆土穴播（PM）条件下，以无覆盖露地种植为对照(CK)，研究了冬小麦生育期地温的差异及其与产量构成的相关性。结果表明，秸秆带状覆盖种植技术可有效平抑气温对小麦的激变，实现了小麦的稳定增产。与CK相比，秸秆带状覆盖冬小麦0～25 cm土层全生育期平均降温0.61 ℃，但在不同生育时期却存在增温和降温的双重效应，苗期至返青期平均增温0.76 ℃，SM1增温效应低于SM2；返青期以后平均降温1.43 ℃，SM1降温效应高于SM2；地膜覆盖全生育期平均增温1.01 ℃。秸秆带状覆盖全生育期各土层总体均表现降温效应，且以降温效应突出的SM1在25 cm降幅最大，平均为1.20 ℃，5 cm处最低，为0.55 ℃；地膜覆盖全生育期各土层均表现增温效应，以5 cm处增幅最大，平均为1.14 ℃，15 cm最低，平均为0.84 ℃。从生育时期和土层看，各处理间地温以越冬期差异最大，变异系数为17.25%～46.6%；土层间以25 cm最大，变异系数为5.5%～46.6%。与CK相比，秸秆带状覆盖全天均具有降温效应，降温幅度依次为中午>傍晚>早晨，且SM1全天的降温效应均高于SM2；而地膜覆盖全天均具有增温效应；覆盖均可使冬小麦显著增产，秸秆带状覆盖平均增产25.3%，SM2增产率(27.0%)高于SM1(23.0%)，地膜覆盖增产30.4%。产量与有效穗数和千粒重呈显著正相关，增产的原因主要是有效穗数的增加和粒重的提高，土壤温度指标与产量、产量构成要素间相关不显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to reveal the relationship and characteristics between soil temperature and yield of winter wheat under different mulching materials in northwest arid land of China,winter wheat Lantian 26 was used to investigate the difference of soil temperature,along with its relationship with grain yield components in whole growth cycle under SM as conventional drilling(SM1), SM as wide drilling(SM2),and plastic film mulching(PM),with non-mulching as control(CK).The results showed that SM can adjust the temperature of environment to wheat,and the stability of wheat yield could be achieved.The average soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer under SM conditions showed an average decrease of 0.61 ℃ during the whole growth cycle.But SM had the double effects with increasing temperature from seedling stage to turning green stage(average increase of 0.76 ℃,and SM1>SM2) and cooling temperature after turning green stage(average decrease of 1.43 ℃,and SM1 evening > morning.The cooling temperature of SM1 was higher than that of SM2,while the PM showed increasing temperature effects in day.Mulching could significantly increase the yield of winter wheat,with the average increase rate of 25.33% with SM,compared with the yield of CK.The increase rate of yield under SM2 was 27.0%,which was higher than that of SM1(23.0%),and the increase rate with PM was 30.4%.The number of ear and thousand kernel weight showed highly positive correlation with the grain yield.Grain yield was increased because of the increase of ear number and thousand kernel weight.There was no correlation found among soil temperature index,yield and yield components. |
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