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冻害在冬小麦越冬期间能影响小麦的生长发育，并导致减产甚至绝产。为深入了解冬小麦的抗寒机制，通过调查统计以及显微观察，比较了冬小麦不同抗寒性品种东农冬麦1号（强冬性）、Nostar（半冬性）和济麦22（弱冬性）在黑龙江等高寒地区越冬期间分蘖节形态结构和显微结构的差异。结果表明，具有不同枯死度、返青率的冬小麦品种的生活习性、冬前分蘖、叶距、叶宽和分蘖节维管束的分布比例皆存在显著性差异。东农冬麦1号冬前分蘖数、返青率、分蘖节维管束分布比例较高，枯死度、叶距、叶宽较小，生长锥下方的15层细胞较小，组织结构紧密，生长锥外形为敦胖形；东农冬麦1号和Nostar在越冬前维管束组织较完整，济麦22的维管束呈现破损。东农冬麦1号返青率与冬前分蘖数、维管束比例呈极显著正相关，而与其他指标呈显著负相关。

英文摘要:

Freezing injury can affect growth and development of winter wheat at the over-wintering stage,and cause yield reduction and even no yield. In order to study the cold resistance mechanism of winter wheat more deeply ,in this paper,with investigation statistics and microscopic observation methods,differences in morphological structure and microscopic structure of the tillering node that comes from different cold resistance winter wheat varieties for example Dongnongdongmai 1(strong winterness),Nostar(semi-winterness) and Jimai 22(weak winterness) were compared at over-wintering stage in alpine region such as Heilongjiang. The results show that winter varieties with different death degree and returning green rate have significant differences in life habit,tiller before winter,leaf space and distribution proportion of vascular bundle. Dongnongdongmai 1 has higher returning green rate and higher distribution proportion of vascular bundle,but lower senescence rate,and less blade pitch and blade width before winter. Fifteen layer of cells at the bottom of the growth cone were lesser,and the organization structure was more closely with a chunky shape. The vascular bundle organs of Dongnongdongmai 1 and Nostar were relatively complete,but the vascular bundle of Jimai 22 has been broken before winter. The returning green rate of Dongnongdongmai 1 was significantly positively correlated with tiller number before winter and the proportion of vascular bundle,but was significantly negatively correlated with other indicators.

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