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为探索适合于不同苗情冬小麦春季追施氮肥的技术，选择45块农民麦田进行追肥试验，在大群体、中等群体和小群体3类苗情下，分别以不追氮和农民习惯追氮方式为对照，比较了总茎数法、茎基部硝酸盐测定、SPAD值及土壤硝态氮测定等四种氮肥优化推荐技术的效果和准确性。结果表明，春季追氮对提高冬小麦产量作用显著，与不追氮处理相比，增产率大于10%。推荐追氮处理与农民习惯追氮处理相比，能显著降低追氮量，减氮率大于40%；但其增产量与苗情有关，只在中等群体区差异达到显著水平。农民的底肥施氮量与其习惯追氮量之间呈显著负相关，但与最高产推荐追氮量不存在相关关系。综合考虑增产和节氮效果，小群体和中等群体区更适合采用土壤硝态氮测定和茎基部硝酸盐测定推荐技术进行氮肥的推荐，在大群体区则采用总茎数推荐技术更优。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the appropriate recommendation technologies of spring top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat with different growth statuses,one-year field experiment with 45 locations from 2014 to 2015,was conducted with 6 nitrogen treatments (zero N top-dressing,farmers practices of N top-dressing and 4 recommendation N methods of total stem number,sap nitrate concentration test,SPAD chlorophyll meter test and nitrate nitrogen concentration of soil test),under the conditions of large population,medium population and small population.The results show that nitrogen fertilization by spring top-dressing could significantly increase the winter wheat yield,with the increase rate over 10%. Compared with farmers' practice treatment,the recommended nitrogen treatments could significantly reduce the nitrogen fertilizer rate of top-dressing by more than 40%; the increased yield is associated with its seedling,and is remarkably high in medium population zone.The basic N rate has significantly negative correlation with top-dressing N rate of farmers,but it has no obvious relationship with the recommended N application rate of the highest yield. Considering the effects of yield increase and nitrogen fertilizer reduction,the nitrate nitrogen concentration of soil test and sap nitrate concentration test are better technologies to be used in N fertilizer recommendation in small population and medium population zone,while the technology of total stem number is more appropriate in large population zone.

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