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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31271641，31201155，31471438)；中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(农业)(201103003，201203079)；国家“十二五”科技计划项目(2014AA10A605，2011BAD16B14，2012BAD04B08，2013BAD07B09)；江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC［2014］313)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

作者	单位
张伟杨，钱希旸，李银银，徐云姬，王志琴，杨建昌	（扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为探讨土壤干旱对小麦产量的影响及其生理基础，以高产小麦品种扬麦16和宁麦13为材料进行盆栽，自分蘖末期至成熟设置正常供水（WW）、土壤轻度干旱（MD）和土壤重度干旱(SD) 3种处理，研究其对小麦根系和地上部分生理性状的影响。结果表明，与WW相比，MD处理显著提高了各生育期的根系氧化力、根系及籽粒中玉米素+玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)的含量、花后干物质积累量及茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的运转量；根冠比、叶片光合速率及叶片中Z+ZR的含量在WW和MD处理间无显著差异；SD处理则降低了产量和植株生理活性。MD处理显著提高了穗粒数、粒重和产量，SD处理的结果则相反；穗数随土壤干旱程度的加重而降低。两个品种的结果趋势相同。相关分析表明，根系氧化力、根系和籽粒中Z+ZR含量、花后干物质积累量及NSC运转量与籽粒灌浆速率、千粒重和产量呈极显著正相关。表明土壤轻度干旱可提高小麦根系生理活性并促进光合同化物向籽粒的转运，进而增加产量。

英文摘要:

The effect of soil drought on wheat yield varies with the degree of water stress. This study investigated the possibility that a moderate soil drought may increase grain yield through enhancing physiological activities of roots and shoots in wheat. Three soil moisture treatments,well-watered(WW),moderate soil drought(MD),and severe soil drought(SD),were imposed from late-tillering to maturity with two high-yielding wheat cultivars currently used in the production,Yangmai 16 and Ningmai 13. The results showed that,compared to the WW treatment,the MD treatment significantly increased,while the SD treatment significantly decreased the root oxidation activity,contents of zeatin(Z)+ zeatin riboside(ZR) in roots and grains at each growth stage,dry matter accumulation and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC) translocation from stems(culms and sheaths) to grains. There was no significant difference between the WW and MD treatments in the root-shoot ratio,leaf photosynthetic rate and Z+ZR content in leaves at each growth stage. The MD treatment significantly increased the number of grains per spike,grain weight and yield. The SD treatment showed an opposite effect. The number of panicle was decreased with the increase of soil drought. The two cultivars exhibited the same tendency. Regression analysis showed that grain filling rate,1 000-grain weight and grain yield were significantly positively correlated with root oxidation activity,Z+ZR concentrations in the roots and grains,and the dry matter accumulation and NSC translocation during grain filling. The results suggest that a moderate soil drought could increase grain yield through enhancing physiological activities of roots and the remobilization of assimilates in wheat.

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