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作者	单位
胡学旭，周桂英，吴丽娜，孙丽娟，陆伟，王爽，杨秀兰，张慧杰，王步军	(中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部谷物产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京)，北京 100081)

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中文摘要:

为了解我国小麦在年度间和品质区之间的品质变化，对2006-2014年我国10个品质区637个小麦品种6 339份样品的籽粒品质、面粉品质和面团流变学特性进行测定与分析。结果表明，（1）我国小麦籽粒蛋白质含量较高，平均达13.94%，湿面筋平均含量为30.4%；但蛋白质质量一般，沉淀指数平均值为32.1 mL，稳定时间平均值为5.8 min，相对美国硬红冬小麦较低。（2）年度间小麦品质呈规律性偏态分布，平均值在年度间变化无规律；从品质类型看，强筋、弱筋小麦比例在减少，中筋小麦比例在增加。（3）品质区之间小麦质量差异较大，东北、北部和西北春麦区、华北北部强筋麦区、黄淮北部强筋与中筋麦区、黄淮南部中筋麦区蛋白质数量性状高于长江中下游中筋与弱筋麦区、四川盆地中筋与弱筋麦区和云贵高原麦区；蛋白质质量性状表现较为复杂，其中长江中下游中筋与弱筋麦区小麦稳定时间一般，但最大拉伸阻力较高，华北北部强筋麦区、黄淮北部强筋与中筋麦区和黄淮南部中筋麦区小麦稳定时间较高，但最大拉伸阻力一般；各品质区以中筋小麦为主。我国小麦总体质量表现为中等水平。小麦品种类型结构的变化是导致年度间小麦质量以及品质区小麦质量变化的重要原因，北方强筋麦区优质强筋小麦品种和南方弱筋麦区优质弱筋小麦品种减少，反映了强调产量、大力推广高产品种的生产实际情况。

英文摘要:

In order to verify the wheat quality in different wheat producing regions and years,6 339 samples of 637 wheat cultivars from 10 regions were collected and analyzed for eight quality traits from 2006 to 2014. The results showed that generally Chinese wheat had relatively high protein content but low protein quality with medium gluten content,which was lower than that of U.S. hard red winter wheat. Among years,there is a skew distribution of wheat quality. The proportion of different quality types of wheat cultivars varied among years: the proportion of cultivars with strong gluten and weak gluten was decreased,while the proportion of cultivars with medium gluten was increased in recent years. The differences in wheat quality among wheat growth regions are obvious. Protein content of wheat cultivars in Northeast,North and Northwest spring wheat region,northern part of the North China growth region,northern part of the Huang-Huai region and southern part of the Huang-Huai region was better than that in the Yangtze river region and the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau,while protein quality was rather complicated in the 6 regions,due to the change of different quality types of cultivars in recent years. The results showed the quality of Chinese wheat was decreased slightly in years and the number of cultivars with strong gluten in north regions and with weak gluten in the Yangtze river region and Sichuan basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau declined,which reflected the effects of the extension of high-yielding cultivars rather than high-quality cultivars.

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