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作者	单位
马亚斌，宋晓宇，全斌，杨贵军，竞霞，刘晓	（1.西安科技大学，陕西西安 710054； 2.国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京100097；3.农业部农业信息技术重点试验室，北京100097； 4.北京市农业物联网工程技术研究中心，北京100097）

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中文摘要:

为给作物的田间管理决策提供参考依据，本文以国家精准农业研究示范基地2013-2014年的冬小麦试验为基础，设置常规推荐施氮（NM，施氮量150 kg·hm^-2）、不施氮（CK）、饱和施氮（BH，施氮量为NM处理的150%）、基于SPAD的变量施氮（S）、基于Dualex的变量施氮（D）、基于Multiplex的变量施氮（M）、基于光谱参数OSAVI的变量施氮（A）等8个处理，采用常规统计与地统计分析法探索植株氮素累积量与生物量的时空变化特征，并分析变量施肥对植株氮素累积的影响。结果表明，冬小麦生育期内植株氮素累积量与生物量整体呈上升趋势，在起身期二者变异系数分别为31.32%和28.64%，收获期分别为16.38%和 15.20%；在开花与灌浆期，8个处理间植株氮素累积量差异没有达到极显著水平（P>0.01）；在拔节期与挑旗期，不同处理间生物量差异也均没有达到极显著水平（P>0.01）；在其他时期，CK、BH、NM、A、D处理间二指标的差异均极显著（P<0.01）。地统计分析表明，试验区小麦在开花期植株氮素累积量普遍较低，其块基比为 40.53%，变程为80 m，具有强烈的空间自相关性；灌浆期与收获期空间植株氮素累积量分布较连续，块基比分别为45.84%和43.60%，变程分别为62.9 和67.0 m，西部累积量高于东部；起身期、拔节期、挑旗期植株氮素累积量空间分布差异大，块基比分别为55.14%、57.59%和72.74%，变程分别为28.9、41.3和31.9 m，南部含量高于北部；生物量在起身期、开花期、收获期空间分布图连续性强，挑旗期块基比为69.22%，变程最小，为10.4 m，空间分布差异大，拔节期与灌浆期块基比分别为64.59%和72.04%，变程分别为34.5 和27.3 m，有中等程度的空间自相关性；试验区在起身期南部生物量大于北部，开花期、灌浆期与收获期西部生物量高于东部。

英文摘要:

This study focuses on the temporal and spatial variation of plant nitrogen and biomass of winter wheat in different growth stages. The variable rate fertilization experiment was carried out at National Precision Agriculture Experimental Station during the wheat growth season of 2013-2014 in order to study the spatial distribution pattern of wheat and provide references for field crop management in the future. Two research methods,including conventional statistics and geostatistics,were respectively used to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of plant nitrogen and biomass,and the effects of variable rate fertilization were also evaluated based on the change of plant nitrogen content and biomass. The results showed that: the overall trend of plant nitrogen and biomass was upward in the growth stages of winter wheat.The coefficient of variation were 31.32% and 28.64% in erecting stage ,and 16.38% and 15.20% in harvest stage,respectively for plant nitrogen and biomass.However,the change of plant nitrogen had no great significant differences among eight treatments in flowering and filling stages (P>0.01),while the change of biomass did not show great significant differences among treatments in jointing and flagging stages (P>0.01). In the rest of stages,there were significant differences on the change of the above parameters among CK,BH,NM,A,D treatments (P<0.01). Through the geostatistics analysis,it was shown that the ratio of C₀/(C₀+C) for plant nitrogen was 40.53% with a range of 80 m in flowering stage,which showed the highest spatial autocorrelation,the content of plant nitrogen was widely low throughout experiment area. In filling and harvest stages,the content of plant nitrogen in the west of experimental area was higher than those in the east and the spatial distribution was more continuous.The ratio of C₀/(C₀+C) for plant nitrogen were 45.84% and 43.60%,with the range of 62.9 m and 67.0 m,respectively. In erecting,jointing,and flagging stages,the spatial distribution showed larger differences,and the ratio of C₀/(C₀+C) for plant nitrogen were 55.14%,57.59%,and 72.74%, while the range of 28.9 m,41.3 m,and 31.9 m,respectively,but the plant nitrogen content in the south of experimental area was higher than those in the north. The spatial distribution of biomass showed great continuous in erecting,flowering,and harvest stages. There were large differences in flagging stage,and the ratio of C₀/(C₀+C) and range for biomass was 69.22% and the smallest value was 10.4 m,while those for biomass were respectively 64.59% and 72.04%,34.5 m and 27.3 m in jointing and filling stages,which showed medium spatial autocorrelation. However,biomass was higher in the south of experimental area than that in the north in erecting stage,and showed higher in the west of experimental area than those in the east in flowering,filling and harvest stages.

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