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作者	单位
姚仪敏，王小燕，陈建珍，闫浩亮，穆麒麟，刘盼春，田小海	（1.长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025； 2.主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心，湖北荆州 434025）

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中文摘要:

为了解长江流域小麦灌浆期的“高温逼熟”效应，采用新近发明的田间可移动式增温设施，在大田条件下于开花后对小麦进行了连续21 d的“偏高”温度处理（冠层平均增温5.6 ℃），并调查高温胁迫下小麦籽粒结实和品质的变化及与氮素营养的关系。结果表明，高温胁迫后，在施氮0、135、180和225 kg·hm^-2条件下，小麦穗粒数较对照（自然温度）分别减少-6.0%、10.7%、11.3%、11.6%，千粒重分别下降15.7%、18.9%、23.5%、15.7%；籽粒蛋白质含量分别增加了22.4%、27.5%、28.3%、19.6%，湿面筋含量和沉降值分别提高了14.6%、17.1%、17.7%、18.1%和23.4%、17.5%、29.0%、21.8%，面团的形成时间和稳定时间分别延长了12.1%、259.5%、398.2%、322.6%和172.2%、232.5%、220.1%、72.2%。高温与施氮的互作效应只在蛋白质含量、吸水率、面团形成时间和稳定时间上达到显著或极显著水平，适量施氮会增强高温对蛋白质含量、面团形成时间和稳定时间的提高作用，减弱高温对吸水率的降低效应。可见，开花后连续高温对小麦籽粒结实和粒重产生负面影响，但对品质具有一定的改善效应。

英文摘要:

In order to verify the “heat forced maturity” of wheat during the grain filling stage in Yangtze River valley,the materials were continuously treated at 21 days' “moderate high temperature” by the movable heating facility after anthesis in the field. Field components,quality of wheat and their relationship with nitrogen fertilizer under high temperature were investigated.Compared to the control,the grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight of the high treatments decreased by -6.0%,10.7%,11.3%,11.6% and 15.7%,18.9%,23.5%,15.7% under the nitrogen application amaunts of 0,135,180 and 225 kg·hm^-2,respectively,and the protein content increased by 22.4%,27.5%,28.3% and 19.6%,respectively.Moreover,the content of wet gluten and sedimentation value increased by 14.6%,17.1%,17.7%,18.1% and 23.4%,17.5%,29.0%,21.8%,respectively,and extended dough development and stability time increased by 12.1%,259.5%,398.2%,322.6% and 172.2%,232.5%,220.1%,72.2%,respectively. The high temperature and nitrogen fertilizer application had significant effects on protein content,water absorption and dough development and stability time. Proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer enlarged the effects of high temperature on protein content and dough development and stability time,yet decreased the effects of high temperature on water absorption. It can be concluded that continuously high temperature after anthesis has negative effects on grain development and grain weight,but has positive effects on wheat quality.

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