| 马 耕，张盼盼，王晨阳，刘卫星，张美微， 马冬云，谢迎新，朱云集，郭天财.高产小麦花后植株氮素累积、转运和产量的水氮调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):798 |
| 高产小麦花后植株氮素累积、转运和产量的水氮调控效应 |
| Regulation Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen on Post anthesis Nitrogen Accumulation,Translocation and Grain Yield of High yield Wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.06.10 |
| 中文关键词: 高产小麦 花后植株 氮素累积与转运 产量 水氮调控 |
| 英文关键词:High yield wheat Plant after anthesis N accumulation and translocation Grain yield Regulation effects of irrigation and nitrogen |
| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203079）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07）；河南省小麦产业技术体系岗位专家项目（S2010 01 G07） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给高产小麦合理灌溉和氮肥施用提供科学依据，以小麦品种豫麦49 198为材料，在豫北高产麦田研究了不同水、氮处理对小麦花后植株氮素吸收、累积和转运的影响。试验采取灌水与施氮量两因子裂区设计，其中灌水为主区，设全生育期不灌水（W0）、拔节期灌1水（W1）和拔节水+开花水灌2水（W2）3个水平；施氮量为副区，设置4个水平，即每公顷施纯氮量0 kg（N0）、180 kg（N1）、240 kg（N2）和300 kg（N3）。结果表明， W1和W2下小麦籽粒产量较W0分别提高16.6%和25.6%，蛋白质产量分别提高14.2%和19.2%。籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高与氮素积累和转运有关。灌水增加了茎鞘、叶片和颖轴的氮素累积量，提高了茎鞘氮素转运效率和贡献率，但减小了叶片氮素转运量、转运效率和贡献率。施氮可显著增加小麦花后植株氮素累积量及氮素转运量，进而提高小麦籽粒氮素累积量和蛋白质产量。与N0相比，成熟期N1、N2和N3籽粒氮素累积量分别增加44.9%、59.3%和60.2%，叶片贡献率分别增加60.2%、40.9%和61.5%，籽粒产量分别提高75.3%、73.5%和79.8%。水氮互作显著影响叶片氮素累积量和氮素转运效率，但对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响不显著。综合来看，在豫北高产条件下，不灌水或灌1水时小麦适宜施氮量为180~240 kg·hm-2，灌2水时适宜施氮量为240 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the optimal regimes of irrigation and nitrogen(N) application for high yielding wheat production,a field experiment was conducted in Wenxian County（N34°92′ E112°99′）in the growing season of 2013-2014 in high yielding wheat production area in Henan Province. Yumai 49 198,a high yielding winter wheat cultivar,was used to investigate the characters of N uptake,accumulation and translocation in different parts of wheat plant after anthesis. The experiment was by a split block design with 3 irrigation regimes and 4 N application rates. The irrigation treatments included no irrigation (W0),irrigation at jointing stage(W1),and irrigation at jointing plus flowering (W2); the N treatments included N amount of 0 kg (N0),180 kg(N1),240 kg(N2) and 300 kg (N3) per hectare. The results indicated that compared with W0 treatment,treatments of W1 and W2 increased grain yield by 16.6% and 25.6%,protein yield by 14.2% and 19.2%,respectively. The increases of grain yield and protein yield were connected with N accumulation and translocation in wheat plant: appropriate irrigation increased the N accumulation in stem sheath,leaf,spike axis and glume,and improved the N transfer rate and its contribution rate of stem sheath,but reduced the N transfer in leaves of plant. Nitrogen application significantly increased the N accumulation and its translocation in aerial parts of wheat plant after anthesis,thus greatly increased the N accumulation in grains and the grain yield. Compared with N0 treatment,treatments of N1,N2 and N3 increased N accumulation in grains by 44.9%,59.3% and 60.2%,leaf contribution rate by 60.2%,40.9% and 61.5.5%,grain yield by 75.3%,73.5% and 79.8%,respectively. These increases were relatively greater than that of irrigation. The result also indicated that interaction between irrigation and nitrogen significantly influenced N accumulation and its transfer rate in leaves,but had no significant effects on grain yield and protein yield. We concluded that,in the high yielding wheat production area of northern Henan,the optimal nitrogen application rates were N 180~240 kg·hm-2 under limited irrigation conditions (no irrigation or one irrigation) and N 240 kg·hm-2 under twice irrigation conditions,respectively. |
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