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为建立稳定、高效的小麦幼胚愈伤组织继代分化体系，以4个小麦品种为材料，对影响普通小麦幼胚愈伤组织分化和继代分化特性的因素进行了研究。结果表明，碳源、有机添加物、诱导和继代间隔时间及基因型对小麦幼胚愈伤组织的分化和继代分化特性有显著影响。1.5%蔗糖和1.5%麦芽糖配合使用，小麦幼胚愈伤组织分化和继代分化效率显著高于3%蔗糖和3%麦芽糖单独使用的分化效率；4种有机添加物对小麦幼胚愈伤组织分化和继代分化特性均有正向增加效应，其中，诱导培养基中分别添加500 mg·L^-1酸水解酪蛋白、250 mg·L^-1L 谷氨酰胺和250 mg·L^-1L 天门冬酰胺的正向效应显著，愈伤组织分化率分别比对照提高17.5%、15.2%和 14.2%，继代3次后的愈伤组织分化率比对照显著提高了93.9%、73.6%和52.8%；诱导分化和继代诱导分化的时间是小麦幼胚愈伤组织分化和继代分化特性重要的影响因素之一，诱导15 d和继代间隔15 d的愈伤组织分化和继代分化率显著高于20 d和25 d，且随诱导和继代间隔时间的延长，愈伤组织分化率迅速下降；供试4种基因型材料的愈伤组织分化和继代分化特性有显著差异，供试品种千斤早和小偃22愈伤组织分化特性较好，扬麦12和扬麦18继代愈伤分化特性较好，愈伤组织分化和继代分化特性的表现无相关性。

英文摘要:

In this study,influence factors,such as carbon sources,organic additives,subculture intervals and genotype were tested on immature embryo of wheat varieties Qianjinzao,Xiaoyan 22,Yangmai 12 and Yangmai 18 for their callus differentiation characteristics before and during subculture. The results indicated that carbon sources,organic additives,subculture interval and the genotype have significant effects on wheat callus differentiation characteristics before and during subculture. With 1.5% sucrose and 1.5% maltose,the efficiency of wheat immature embryo callus differentiation was significantly higher than that with 3% sucrose or 3% maltose used alone. Organic additives can promote the differentiation rate of wheat immature embryo callus before and during subculture. Treatments with 500 mg·L^-1casein hydrolysate,250 mg·L^-1L glutamine and 250 mg·L^-1L asparagine showed significantly positive effects,and the differentiation rate were 17.5%,15.2% and 14.2% higher than that of contrast. Moreover,the differentiation rate were 93.9%,73.6% and 52.8% higher than that of contrast after the third subculture. Induction time and subculture intervals importantly affected the differentiation rate before and during subculture of wheat immature embryo callus. When the culture time changed from 15 days to 20 days or 25 days,the differentiation rate decreased rapidly. The four genotypes of wheat showed significant differences in regeneration capacity. Qianjinzao and Xiaoyan 22 performed better in differentiation efficiency,while Yangmai 12 and Yangmai 18 performed better in differentiation during subculture. There was no correlation between differentiation and subculture characteristics of immature embryo callus of wheat.

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