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为给小麦高产栽培中氮肥和密度科学管理提供参考，以矮抗58和周麦22号为材料，研究了施氮量和播种密度对小麦植株光合生理、物质积累及产量性状的影响。结果表明，适量增施氮肥和增加密度能显著提高小麦叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和群体干物质积累量，使植株在灌浆期仍能保持较高的光合能力，促进花后干物质的积累，有利于产量的提高。不同品种的籽粒产量对氮肥和密度的响应存在差异，周麦22号的平均籽粒产量高于矮抗58。在本研究条件下，矮抗58籽粒产量在375万基本苗·hm^-2和360 kg·hm^-2施氮量处理组合下最高；周麦22号籽粒产量在225万基本苗·hm^-2和240 kg·hm^-2施氮量处理组合下最高。

英文摘要:

In order to provide scientific management for nitrogen application and density in high-yield cultivation of winter wheat ,the effects of nitrogen level and seeding density on photosynthetic physiology and matter accumulation of winter wheat were studied by field experiments from 2013 to 2014. In the experiments, Aikang 58 (AK58) and Zhoumai 22 (ZM22) were chosen as materials, and split block design was used. Nitrogen was in the main plot which was set at 4 levels, and density was in the subplot which was set at 3 levels. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation and grain yield were measured. The results showed that a suitable nitrogen level and density could significantly improve the LAI, leaf SPAD and net photosynthetic rate of wheat, and could increase dry matter accumulation. Therefore, the wheat plant could keep higher photosynthetic capacity during filling stage, which could promote dry matter accumulation after anthesis and increase grain yield.The responses of grain yield to nitrogen level and density were different between the two varieties. AK58 reached the highest yield under the density of 3.75×10⁶ plants·hm^-2 and nitrogen level of 360 kg·hm^-2,while ZM22 reached the highest yield under the density of 2.25×10⁶plants·hm^-2 and nitrogen level of 240 kg·hm^-2.The grain yield of ZM22 was higher than that of AK58.

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