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作者	单位
罗照霞，杨志奇，俄胜哲	（1.天水市农业科学研究所，甘肃天水 741000； 2.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，甘肃兰州 730070）

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中文摘要:

为了解黄土高原黄绵土区长期施肥的效应，以1981年设置于甘肃天水黄绵土上的长期定位试验为基础，研究了长期（1981-2013年）施肥对冬小麦产量、养分吸收和肥料表观利用率的影响。结果表明，单施氮肥或有机肥对冬小麦的增产作用不明显，化肥配施或化肥与有机肥配施的增产作用显著。氮磷钾配施有机肥（MNPK）下，冬小麦平均产量最高，达到5 069 kg·hm^-2，较对照（不施任何肥料）提高了173.41%，对冬小麦产量的贡献率为62.60%；地上部氮、磷、钾携出量均最多，分别为141.13、16.86和123.69 kg·hm^-2，较对照分别提高了239.42%、218.11%和237.31%；氮、钾肥表观利用率最高，分别为55.68%和76.43%。磷肥表观利用率以氮肥配施有机肥最高，为19.57%。肥料单施不利于提高其利用效率，化肥配施有机肥后氮、钾表观利用率较不配施有机肥降低。因此，农业生产中肥料合理配施才是提高作物产量和肥料利用率的有效措施。

英文摘要:

A long-term (1981-2013) field experiment was carried out to study the effects of long-term fertilization on yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer apparent efficiency of winter wheat on Loessal soil at Tianshui city，Gansu province. The results showed that there was a low increase in the single N or manure (M) treatment compared with CK(no fertilization).Combination of chemical fertilizer or the combination of chemical fertilizer and manure increased winter wheat yield significantly. Under the MNPK treatment, the average yield of winter wheat was the highest (5 069 kg·hm^-2),which was increased by 173.41% compared to CK, and the contribution rate of fertilizer was 62.60%; the total nutrient uptake of N,P and K was 141.13 kg·hm^-2, 16.86 kg·hm^-2 and 123.69 kg·hm^-2, respectively, compared with CK, which was increased by 239.42%,218.11% and 237.31%; the apparent efficiency of N and K was maximum, which was 55.68% and 76.43%, and the apparent efficiency of P was maximum in the MN treatment which was 19.57%. Sigle application of fertilizer went against the increase of fertilizer efficiency, and the apparent efficiency of combination of chemical fertilizer and manure was lower than that of chemical fertilizer. The most effective way to increase the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of wheat in agricultural production was to combine rational fertilization.

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