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为探究不同土层测墒补灌对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响，在大田条件下，以小麦品种济麦22（J22）和泰农18(T18)为材料，设置4个试验处理：全生育期不灌水（W0）；拔节期和开花期各灌溉60 mm（WCK）；拔节期和开花期测定0~40 cm（W1）和0~140 cm（W2）土层土壤相对含水量，并补灌至土壤相对含水量为65%；研究各灌水处理对小麦光合特性和产量的效应。结果表明：（1）T18拔节期灌溉量为W1>WCK>W2，开花期为WCK、W2>W1，总灌水量W1与WCK无显著差异，显著高于W2处理；J22拔节期灌溉量为W1>WCK、W2，开花期为WCK、W2>W1，总灌水量各处理间无显著差异。（2）两个小麦品种W1处理的旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率在灌浆中后期均显著高于W2和WCK处理，不灌水W0处理最低；T18各灌水处理的旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率在花后28~35 d均显著高于J22。（3）两个小麦品种光合有效辐射（PAR）截获率为W1>W2>WCK>W0，PAR透射率与之相反，各处理间的PAR反射率无显著差异；T18各处理冠层平均PAR截获率低于J22，其冠层平均PAR透射率高于J22。（4）两个小麦品种籽粒产量以W1处理最高；T18各灌水处理间的水分利用效率无显著差异，其灌溉效益为W2>W1>WCK；J22各处理间的水分利用效率为W1>W2、WCK>W0，灌溉效益为W1>W2>WCK。本试验条件下，T18具有较高的叶绿素含量、光合速率及冠层透射率，使得旗叶衰老延缓，利于穗粒重增加，其产量较J22略高。综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉效益，W1是两个小麦品种兼顾节水和高产的最佳灌水处理。

英文摘要:

In order to reveal the effects of soil moisture monitoring supplemental irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different wheat cultivars,Jimai 22 （J22）and Tainong 18 （T18）used,four treatments were designed:W0(no irrigation during grouth duration of wheat),WCK(irrigatting at jointing and anthesis of wheat with 60 mm water,respectively),W1(irrigatting at jointing and anthesis of wheat to make the relative moisture of 0-40 cm soil reach to 65% ) and W2(irrigatting at jointing and anthesis of wheat to make the relative moisture of 0-140 cm soil reach to 65%).The results as following:(1) For T18,the irrigation amount at jointing was W1>WCK>W2,the irrigation amount at anthesis was WCK,W2>W1,the irrigation amount have no significant difference between W1 and WCK,which were both higher than W2 in total irrigation amount. For J22,the irrigation amount at jointing was W1>WCK,W2,the irrigation amount at anthesis was WCK,W2>W1,there was no significant difference of total irrigation amount among W1,WCK and W2.(2) The content of chlorophyll and P_n of two wheats with W1 treatment was significant higher than that of W2 and WCK treatments ,and that of W0 treatment was the lowest. The content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate of T18 were significant higher than that of J22 during 28-35 d after anthesis in all treatments.(3) The PAR interception rate of two wheats were W1>W2>WCK>W0,the PAR transmission rate of two wheats were W0>WCK>W2>W1,and there were no significant difference in PAR reflectance rate among treatments. The PAR canopy interception rate of T18 was lower than that of J22 in all treatments,and the mean PAR canopy transmission rate of T18 was higher than that of J22.(4) The grain yield of two wheats with W1 treatment were higher than that of other treatments. The water use efficiency were no significant difference among different treatments of T18,and the irrigation benefits of it showed W2>W1>WCK; For J22,water use efficiency showed W1>W2,WCK>W0,irrigation benefits of it showed W1>W2>WCK. In this experiment,T18 showed higher content of chlorophyll,P_n and canopy transmission rate,it showed higher yield that of J22. Considering the yield,water use efficiency and irrigation benefits,W1 was the best treatment for the two wheats because it can make wheat have higher yield and lower water consumption.

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