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为利用CIMMYT资源创制小麦抗病、农艺性状优良的新材料，以CIMMYT新培育的RL6077与西农979、周麦27等骨干品种进行冬春性杂交和（或）回交，构建RIL群体和有限回交群体；以CIMMYT材料Wheatear与豫农982进行冬春性杂交构建F_2:7 RIL群体。应用特异性分子标记对这些群体材料进行分子检测，同时进行田间抗病性鉴定和农艺性状选择。结果表明，RL6077后代群体的众多性状都介于两个亲本之间，很好地遗传了双亲的农艺特征；其RIL群体中更易检测到抗病基因，回交群体后代更易选出农艺性状优良的品系，可根据育种目标选用合适的群体；本研究选育出冬性、农艺性状优良且具有抗病基因（抗Ug99）的储备性新品系6份。Wheatear/豫农982的F_2:7RIL群体中，1BL/1RS易位系的千粒重和叶宽显著高于非易位系；7DL·7Ag易位对穗下节长和穗粒数具有正向作用；双易位系则综合了上述特性；经田间抗病性鉴定，易位系具有良好的综合抗病性；从此群体中选育出冬性、双易位且农艺性状优良的新品系4份。

英文摘要:

Germplasm is the base of breeding and an important resource to deal with all kinds of environmental stresses.RL6077 from CIMMYT,Xinong 979,Zhoumai 27 and other important materials were used as parents to build RILs and limited backcross population.Wheatear from CIMMYT and Yunong 982 were used as parents to build F_2:7 RIL population.Specific molecular markers were applied to detect disease resistance genes and translocation type,while the field resistance to disease was identified and excellent agronomic traits were selected.The results showed that:(1) many agronomic traits of RILs and limited backcross population were between two parents and the progenies inherited agronomic characteristics of the parents.RIL population was more likely to detect the resistance genes and backcross population offspring had more chances to select new germplasm with excellent agronomic traits to satisfy the breeding target.And 6 winter wheat liness with excellent agronomic traits and resistance to Ug99 were created.(2) In the F_2:7 RIL population,The thousand grain weight and leaf width of the 1BL/1RS translocation lines were significanthy more than the no 1BL/1RS lines.Compared with no 7DL·7Ag translocation lines,the 7DL·7Ag lines showed significantly longer peduncle and more grains per ear.The result of field resistance identification showed the translocation line had good comprehensive resistance to diseases.We finally selected 4 winter wheat lines with double translocation and excellent agronomic traits.

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