| 刘 楠，李海峰，窦艳华，韩德俊.普通小麦及其近缘物种花序、小穗和小花的形态结构分析[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):293 |
| 普通小麦及其近缘物种花序、小穗和小花的形态结构分析 |
| Morphology and Structure Analyses on Inflorescence,Spikelet and Floret of Bread Wheat and Its Relatives |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.03.01 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 短柄草 花序 小穗 小花 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Brachypodium distachyon Inflorescence Spikelet Floret |
| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金项目(2014JM3065)；西北农林科技大学引进人才科研启动项目(Z111021201) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 花的发育影响着种子的发育。普通小麦是三大粮食作物之一，但对小麦花序发育的研究滞后于水稻和玉米。为揭示小麦花发育的机理，本研究采用体视镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察和组织切片后光学显微镜观察等方法，对普通小麦及其近缘物种一粒小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、粗山羊草、二粒小麦以及二穗短柄草的花序、小穗和小花形态结构进行了系统观察和分析比较。结果表明，普通小麦与二倍体小麦、二粒小麦表现出一定差别：普通小麦每个小穗形成8~10朵小花，但在发育后期，大多数小花退化不育，每个小穗只有3~4朵小花能够形成种子；二倍体小麦和二粒小麦的小穗结构与普通小麦类似，但每个小穗发育形成3~5朵小花，小花数目明显减少。与普通小麦相似，二穗短柄草每个小穗同样分化形成多朵小花，不同的是，二穗短柄草的大多数小花发育正常，是可育的。以上这些研究结果暗示小麦具有巨大的增产潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The flower development affects the seed development. Bread wheat is one of the three staple cereal crops. Compared to rice and maize,the progress of wheat flower research is slow. In order to lay a foundation for research of revealing the mechanism to control the flower development,morphology and structure of inflorescence,spikelet and floret of wheat and its relatives Triticum monococcum,Aegilops speltoides,Aegilops squarrosa,Triticum dicoccum and Brachypodium distachyon were observed and analyzed in this research using stereoscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope on paraffin section.Meanwhile,comparison was performed between wheat and its relatives. Results showed every spikelet of bread wheat developed 8-10 florets,but only 3-4 florets could form seeds. A majority of them were degenerated and sterile at late stage.Every spikelet of diploid and tetraploid wheat only developed 3-5 florets. Similarly,the spikelet of Brachypodium distachyon differentiated many florets,however,most of them were able to fully develop and generate seeds. These results implied that there was enormous potential to increase wheat yield. |
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