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作者	单位
李茹，单燕，李水利，林文，刘芬，同延安	(1.陕西省土壤肥料工作站，陕西西安 710004； 2.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100)

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中文摘要:

为了解陕西省麦田土壤肥力和施肥状况，对2005-2009年测土配方施肥项目30个县186 415个土壤数据和1 580个“3414”肥料试验数据以及农户抽样调查数据进行了分析。结果表明，陕西麦田土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为14.3 g·kg^-1、69.0 mg·kg^-1、18.5 mg·kg^-1和148.4 mg·kg^-1，与20世纪80年代相比，分别提高了33.6%、40.8%、176.1%和6.8%。在2000年后，陕西省小麦氮肥（纯氮）、磷肥（P₂O5）和钾肥（K₂O）的投入量分别为183.0、109.5和21.0 kg·hm^-2，分别比20世纪80年代提高了69.4%、160.7%和1 300%。全省麦田土壤氮、磷素盈余12.0和51.0 kg·hm^-2，钾素亏缺115.5 kg·hm^-2。虽然陕西土壤含钾丰富，但为了延缓土壤钾素亏缺和进一步提高磷含量（麦田的磷含量保持在25~35 mg·kg^-1较合适），建议今后小麦生产中适当减少氮肥投入，增加磷钾肥投入。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the soil fertility and fertilization condition of wheat field in Shaanxi province , the soil properties, wheat yield and fertilizer inputs of farmers were investigated in Weibei plateau, Guanzhong irrigation area and Qinba mountain area. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Shaanxi were 14.3 g·kg^-1 ,69.0 mg·kg^-1, 18.5 mg·kg^-1 and 148.4 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Compared with the 1980 s, the indexes increased 33.6%, 40.8%, 176.1%, and 6.8%, respectively. The inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 183.0, 109.5 and 21.0 kg·hm^-2 after 2000, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus surplus in Shaanxi were 12.0 and 51.0 kg·hm^-2 , but the potassium deficiency was 115.5 kg·hm^-2. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer inputs should be suitably reduced, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input should be increased in Shaanxi province.

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