| 党建友，裴雪霞，张定一，王姣爱，张 晶.秸秆还田下施氮模式对冬小麦生长发育及肥料利用率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(11):1552 |
| 秸秆还田下施氮模式对冬小麦生长发育及肥料利用率的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen Application Patterns on Growth and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat under Corn Straw Returned to Field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2014.11.16 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米秸秆还田 冬小麦 施氮模式 生长发育 产量 肥料利用率 |
| 英文关键词:Corn straw returned to field Winter wheat N application patterns Growth and development Grain yield Fertilizer recovery efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-03-2-7）；山西省农业科学院重点项目（2012YZD12）；山西省科技攻关项目（20120311001-6） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给秸秆还田下山西南部一年两熟区冬小麦种植筛选适宜施氮方式，通过大田试验，以不施氮为对照，在施氮225.0 kg·hm-2条件下设置10∶0、7∶3、5∶5和3∶7（底施∶拔节期追施比例）四种施氮模式，研究了玉米秸秆还田下施氮方式对冬小麦生长发育、干物质运转、肥料当季利用率及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，在玉米秸秆直接还田和施氮225.0 kg·hm-2下，提高底施氮肥比例可增加冬小麦越冬前和拔节期单株茎蘖数和总茎数，并使旗叶SPAD值在灌浆前中期保持较高水平，且延缓其灌浆后期下降，促进灌浆期干物质向穗部转运和积累，增加成穗数和穗粒数，进而实现增产。施氮模式中底追比例7∶3的增产效果最好，籽粒产量达5 773.8 kg·hm-2，较其他施氮模式增产1.58%~10.17%。增加底施氮肥比例可提高土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化酶活性，促进冬小麦对养分的吸收及其向籽粒的转运，提高肥料当季表观利用率。底追比例7∶3的氮磷肥利用效果最好，其中氮肥当季利用率较其他模式提高1.46%~3.06%，磷肥当季利用率提高0.76%~3.34%；钾肥利用效果以氮肥全部底施最好，较其他施氮模式提高4.54%~14.53%。因此，山西省南部一年两熟种植区在玉米秸秆还田下冬小麦的合理施氮模式为70%底施+30%拔节期追施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Corn straw returned to field has become the main measure to enrich the soil fertility.Through field experiments,the effects of 4 nitrogen application patterns (the ratio of basal to topdressing at jointing stage as 10∶0, 7∶3, 5∶5 and 3∶7 with total N of 225.0 kg·hm-2) on growth, dry matter transfer, fertilizer use efficiency, and soil enzyme activities of winter wheat under corn straw returned to field were investigated with no N as the control.The results showed that under total N 225.0 kg·hm-2, increasing basal N application rate could increase tiller number per plant and total stem number at pre-winter and jointing stage, and ear number and kernel number per ear were also increased. Higher basal N application rate could maintain higher SPAD values of flag leaf at early and middle-filling stage and which decreased slowly at late-filling stage, which could guarantee more accumulation quantity of ear during filling stage and more dry matters transferring to grains, and then achieved higher grain yields.Grain yield under 70% N as basal and 30% N topdressing was 5 773.8 kg·hm-2, which was 1.58%~10.17% higher than other N application patterns. Increasing basal N application rate could increase the activities of sucrase, phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase in the soil, promote the nutrient absorption and transfer, and then increase fertilizer recovery efficiency. The recovery efficiency of N and P under 70% N as basal and 30% N topdressing were 1.46%~3.06% and 0.76%~3.34% higher than that under other N application patterns, respectively. K recovery efficiency under total N as basal was 4.54%~14.53% higher than that under other N application patterns. In the southern Shanxi province, under wheat-corn cropping systems, sowing wheat after corn straw returned to field, 70% N as basal and 30% N topdressing at jointing stage can get higher grain yield and nutrient use efficiency. |
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