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作者	单位
冯帆，王长发，李志超，苗芳	(1. 西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100；2. 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西杨凌 712100)

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中文摘要:

为揭示小麦逆序衰老类型间干物质积累的差异和动态变化规律，以61个品种（系）作材料，分期采样，并在乳熟末期调查逆序衰老率，采用箱线图、分类变量回归等统计方法对不同逆序衰老率小麦开花后各生育阶段的干物质积累特性进行了集群间对比分析。结果表明，183个样点逆序衰老率的分布呈正偏态分布特征，不符合正态分布，参试小麦逆序衰老率为20%（10%~33%）。与低逆序衰老率小麦相比，高逆序衰老率小麦叶片衰老程度在籽粒形成期和乳熟期均较低；茎鞘干物质转运量在乳熟期和灌浆末期均较高；穗干物质积累量在籽粒形成期较低，在乳熟期较高。与逆序衰老现象紧密关联的因素有4个即籽粒形成期和乳熟期的叶片干重变化值、乳熟期和灌浆末期的茎鞘干重变化值，且后两者影响更大。高逆序衰老率小麦千粒重为44.95 g（41.24~49.90 g），高于低逆序衰老率小麦的43.28 g（39.55~47.99 g）。从本研究结果看，与低逆序衰老率小麦相比，高逆序衰老率小麦花后穗干物质积累速率呈现出“慢-快-慢”的特征，有利于籽粒的增重。

英文摘要:

To study the characters of dry matter accumulation at different stages after anthesis of different reverse aging rate wheat cultivars, and to reveal the difference and regular pattern of dynamic changes between low reverse aging rate wheat and high reverse aging rate wheat, the aerial parts of 183 test materials were sampled at 4 stages after anthesis, and then were separated into different parts indoor and weighed after drying, and the reverse aging rate of all samples during the last stage of milk ripeness were investigated and recorded. The phenomenon of reverse aging and dry matter accumulation were described by using statistical analysis methods such as box plot and histogram, and the regression equation of dichotomous variable fit by stepwise regression, in order to reveal the relationship between reverse aging and characters of accumulation of dry matter. The results showed that, the distribution of reverse aging rate of wheat was as positive skewness, which was not normal. The moderate of the reverse aging rate of tested wheat was 20%（10%~33%）, and the 5% trimmed mean was 24.4%. The change of dry weight of various organs in high reverse aging rate wheat was different with that in low reverse aging rate wheat; its extent of leaf aging kept a little lower during the period of seed formation and milk stage; its translocation amount of dry matter of stem and sheath kept higher at milk stage and the late period of grain filling; and the accumulation amount of dry matter of spike kept a little lower in the period of seed formation, and higher in milk stage. There were four factors of dry matter accumulation closely associated with the occurrence of reverse aging phenomenon of wheat, which included the dry weight change of leaves during the period of seed formation and milk stage, the dry weight change of stem and sheath during milk stage and the late period of grain filling. The last two factors had greater effects. The 1 000-kernel weight of high reverse aging rate wheat was 44.95 g(41.24~49.90 g), higher than that of low reverse aging rate wheat ［43.28 g (39.55~47.99 g)］.According to the results of the study, accumulating rate of spike dry matter after anthesis of high reverse aging rate wheat showed the typical characteristic as “slower-quicker-slower”. It might be the reason that the 1 000-kernel weight of the high reverse aging rate wheat was higher.

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