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为了探索小麦成熟胚基因枪转化的影响因素，对Z50、郑麦366、Bobwhite和西农529四个小麦基因型的成熟胚进行了愈伤组织的诱导及植株分化再生研究，同时以郑麦 366的成熟胚为外植体分析了不同渗透处理剂、每枪金粉用量和轰击距离对基因枪转化过程的影响。结果表明，Z50、郑麦366、Bobwhite三个基因型的出愈率及胚性愈伤率差异不大，均在85%以上，西农529的出愈率较低，胚性愈伤率与Z50、郑麦366和Bobwhite差异显著。不同小麦基因型分化率差异显著，其中郑麦366分化率最高（39.26%）。基因枪转化结果显示，渗透剂对小麦愈伤组织生长均有一定的抑制作用，蔗糖的抑制作用比甘露醇弱；每枪金粉用量100 μg的分化率较高（45.57%），但金粉用量100 μg时的GUS瞬时表达量与金粉用量60 μg时差异不显著，轰击距离为9 cm时的分化率和GUS瞬时表达量均比6 cm和12 cm时高；蔗糖用量0.4 mol、金粉用量60 μg、轰击距离9 cm时GUS瞬时表达量最高，该条件下小麦成熟胚转化频率达0.67%，已初步优化了基因枪介导的小麦成熟胚遗传转化体系。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the influencing factors for microprojectile-bombardment transformation with wheat mature embryos, the mature embryos 4 wheat varieties with different genetic background(Z50, Zhengmai 366, Bobwhite, and Xinong 529) were chose as the explants, and used to experience a process of dedifferentiation and regeneration. The mature embryos of wheat cultivar Zhengmai 366 were used as target materials to explore the effects of osmotic agents, dosage of gold powder and bombardment distance on the efficiency of transformation. The results indicated that the frequencies of calli induction from Z50, Zhengmai 366 and Bobwhite shared a similar level of above 85%. Xinong 529 got the lowest embryonic callus rate and had a significant difference with the others. The differences among genotypes had significant effects on the regeneration rate of wheat callus of mature embryos. Zhengmai 366 had the highest regeneration rates with 39.26%. The transformation results showed that osmotic treatment inhibited the growth of the callus in regard to fresh weight reduction. Sucrose as osmosis agent had less inactive effect on the growth and regeneration of callus than mannitol had after bombardment. With dosage of gold powder of 100 μg per bombardment, the regeneration rate reached to 45.57%, but no significant difference was observed in the level of GUS transient expression with gold powder of 60 μg. The optimal distance between DNA-gold pellet and the target cells was 9 cm. The parameter combination of hyperosmosis by sucrose, 60 μg gold powder and 9 cm target distance exhibited good regeneration and the highest level GUS transient expression. Under these optimal conditions, the frequency of transformation for mature embryos of wheat was up to 0.67%. The transformation system of wheat mature embryos using particle bombardment has been optimized preliminarily in this study.

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