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作者	单位
李玮，乔玉强, 杜世州，赵竹, 陈欢，曹承富	（1.安徽省农业科学院作物研究所，安徽合肥 230031 2.安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室，安徽合肥 230031）

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中文摘要:

为筛选砂姜黑土玉米秸秆全量还田条件下冬小麦生长季适宜的施氮量，通过秸秆还田定位试验，探讨了玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥（162.0、202.5、243.0、283.5和324.0 kg·hm^-2）对冬小麦产量、植株含氮量、氮素吸收强度及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明，玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田后，前两年小麦产量连续下降，降幅达4.1%～46.1%，从第四年开始产量增加，增幅为5.7%～12.8%，尤其以配施纯氮243.0 kg·hm^-2的增幅最高。在秸秆还田配施低量氮（162.0～202.5 kg·hm^-2）和过量氮（324.0 kg·hm^-2）下，小麦整个生育期植株含氮量呈单峰曲线变化，高峰期分别出现在拔节、开花和孕穗期；配施高量氮（243.0、283.5 kg·hm^-2）时小麦植株含氮量分别在越冬期和拔节至孕穗出现高峰。小麦植株吸氮强度在各生育时期均随施氮量的增加而增强，配施低量氮肥会导致小麦生育后期发生早衰。秸秆还田配施氮肥下，小麦达到最高产量9 860 kg·hm^-2时植株的适宜含氮量为3.12%～4.72%，拔节和孕穗期较高。氮肥农学效率、植株地上部氮肥吸收利用率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率均随施氮量的增加而显著降低，而施氮处理的氮素收获指数显著高于不施氮处理。综合考虑，冬小麦生长季玉米秸秆还田适宜的配施氮量为243.0 kg·hm^-2，并且在连续还田4年后冬小麦才表现出较好的增产效果

英文摘要:

The effects of the combination of returned straw and different N fertilizer application rates on the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization in winter wheat and its grain yields in lime concretion black soil were systematically studied, based on the data from a five year experiment in Mengcheng City, Anhui Province. Field trials were carried out to investigate the changes of wheat yield, the nitrogen content and absorption intensity of wheat plant, as well as nitrogen use efficiencies, and to examine the optimum nitrogen application rate under straw turnover conditions in lime concretion black soil. The results showed that wheat yield where maize straw was turnover for five years decreased by 4.1%～46.1% in the early two years, but increased by 5.7%～12.8 % after the fourth year, especially combined with nitrogen application rate of 243.0 kg N·hm^-2. Under the combination of straw turnover with low (162.0～202.5 kg N·hm^-2) and excess amount (324.0 kg N·hm^-2) of nitrogen application rates treatments, a single peak curve appeared in the plant nitrogen content, which occurred at jointing, anthesis and booting, respectively. While with the nitrogen application rates of 243.0～283.5 kg N·hm^-2 treatments, the peaks of plant nitrogen content occurred at wintering and during jointing to booting stages. Wheat nitrogen absorption intensity was increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, but low amount of nitrogen fertilizer could result in early senescence of wheat at late growth stages. For straw turnover and applying nitrogen fertilizer, the suitable plant nitrogen content for the highest wheat yield of 9 860 kg·hm^-2 were 3.12%~4.72%, with peaks appeared at jointing and booting stage. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency, nitrogen absorption utilization efficiency in plant aboveground and grain were significantly decreased with increase of nitrogen application rate, and the nitrogen harvest indexes of treatments with nitrogen application were significant higher than that without nitrogen application. In general, the suitable nitrogen application rate under the maize straw turnover for winter wheat was 243 kg N·hm^-2, and a greater yield effect could be achieved after 4 continuous years of straw turnover.

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