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作者	单位
杨彦明，刘景辉，李立军，赵宝平，乌恩	（1.内蒙古农业大学农学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010019； 2.鄂尔多斯市植保植检站，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000）

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中文摘要:

为给长城沿线土壤改良和农业节水增产提供理论依据，于2011-2013年在清水河县采用大田与室内试验相结合的方法，通过不同膨润土施用量处理（CK：0 kg·hm^-2；1D：6 000 kg·hm^-2；2D：12 000 kg·hm^-2；3D：18 000 kg·hm^-2；4D：24 000 kg·hm^-2；5D：30 000 kg·hm^-2），研究其对农田土壤水分含量、蒸发特性及燕麦产量的影响。结果表明，膨润土可显著增加燕麦播前及苗期土壤含水量，施用的第2年3D处理含水量最高，第3年5D处理最佳。土壤水分蒸发量与播前含水量关系密切，播前0~10 cm土壤含水量在5.00%左右时，0～10、20～40、60～80 cm土层中5D、4D、3D处理蒸发特性为“先吸水、后失水”，10～20、40～60、80～100 cm土层为“持续失水”；播前0~10 cm土壤含水量在8.00%以上时，播前及苗期水分蒸发量随时间推移逐渐降低。各处理在不同土层中，水分蒸发量均持续降低，并于20～25 d达到稳定。施用膨润土可显著提高燕麦产量，施用后第2年3D处理较CK增产10.70%，第3年5D处理较CK增产11.53%。

英文摘要:

The agricultural production in the areas along the Great Wall excessively depends on rainfall, drought is a serious issue. The purpose of this study is to improve the soil water use efficiency in oat production through optimize soil structure with application of bentonite, and to provide a theoretical basis in the soil improvement and increase agricultural water conservation in drought area. The experiment was conducted in typical areas Qingshuihe county in 2011-2013. Combined with field and laboratory experiment, different amounts of bentonite (CK: 0 kg·hm^-2; 1D: 6 000 kg·hm^-2; 2D: 12 000 kg·hm^-2; 3D: 18 000 kg·hm^-2; 4D: 24 000 kg·hm^-2; 5D: 30 000 kg·hm^-2) were applied to investigate its effects on soil water content, soil evaporation characteristics and yield of oats in farmland. The results showed that application of bentonite could significantly increase the soil water content before sowing and at seedling stage, and the water content increased with the increase of bentonite amount as 3D was the best in second year and 5D in the third year.While 0~10 cm soil water content was 5% before sowing, the soil water evaporation showed a trend of “absorbing water first, losing water followed” in the 0～10 cm,20～40 cm,60~80 cm soil levels for the high amount treatment of bentonite, continuously water loss was observed in,10～20 cm, 40～60 cm, 80～100 cm soil levels. While 0～10 cm soil water content was above 8.00%, the soil water evaporation was gradually decreasing. In different soil layers of each treatment, water evaporation volume continuously decreased and reached a steady state within 20～25 days. Application of bentonite could significantly increase the yield of oats; with 10.70% increase for 3D treatment in the second year and 11.53% increase for 5D treatment in the third year.

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