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作者	单位
李鲜花，刘永华，刘辉，刘翠英	(1.榆林学院生命科学学院，陕西榆林 719000； 2.西北农林科技大学生命科学学院，陕西杨凌 712100)

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中文摘要:

为给高效运用美国小麦品种资源提供参考依据，采用68对SSR引物对引自美国的44份冬小麦品种和我国黄淮麦区的44份冬小麦品种进行了遗传多样性的比较分析。结果显示，在美国品种中共检出522个等位位点, 平均每对引物检测到7.676个等位变异；各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.150～0.937，平均为0.625；品种间的平均遗传距离为0.33。在我国黄淮麦区小麦品种中共检测出313个等位位点, 平均每对引物检测出4.603个等位变异；各位点PIC值变幅为0.094～0.877，平均为0.564；品种间的平均遗传距离为0.21。表明美国冬小麦品种的遗传多样性大于我国黄淮地区冬小麦品种。美国小麦品种A、B、D基因组的平均PIC值的大小顺序为B(0.683)＞D(0.678)＞A(0.541)，黄淮麦区小麦A、B、D基因组的平均PIC值的大小顺序也为B(0.630)＞D(0.546)＞A(0.525)，美国品种与黄淮麦区品种B基因组的遗传多样性均显著高于A基因组和D基因组。聚类分析发现，在相似系数0.72处可将88个小麦品种聚为8类，且70%以上品种的聚类结果与地域来源吻合，表明SSR分析结果能很好地将国外品种与国内品种区分开来。

英文摘要:

To provide a reference for efficiently using the American wheat variety resources, sixty eight SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 44 winter wheat cultivars introduced from America and 44 winter wheat cultivars from Huang huai area of China. The results showed that a total of 522 allelic variants were detected in the 44 America cultivars, with an average of 7.68 alleles per marker. The range of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was 0.150～0.937, with an average of 0.625. And the mean genetic distance (GD) among the American cultivars was 0.33. Among the 44 Huang huai cultivars, 313 allelic variants were detected, with an average of 4.603 alleles per marker. The range of PIC was 0.094～0.877, with an average of 0.564. And the mean GD was 0.21. According to the above results, we concluded that the genetic diversity of winter wheat cultivars from America was higher than that from Huang huai area. The average allelic variants and PIC value for A, B, and D genome of American wheat cultivars were as A (8.296)＞B (7.524)＞D (7.000) and B (0.683)＞D (0.678)＞A (0.541), respectively. While for wheat cultivars from Huang huai area of China, they were as A (5.111) ＞B(4.381)＞D(4.150) and B(0.630)＞D(0.546)＞A(0.525), respectively. It was proved that the B genome hold the highest genetic diversity. Moreover, after UPGMA clustering analysis, more than 70% wheat cultivars from the same geographical region could be clustered into the region specific groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.72, suggesting the results of SSR analysis could well differentiated the foreign wheat cultivars from domestic varieties, and revealed genetic diversity of winter wheat cultivars from different plant regions, and provide the theoretical direction for the rational development and utilization of elite genes in alien wheat cultivars.

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